1962 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

表达式 14y151+31\dfrac{1^{4y-1}}{5^{-1}+3^{-1}} 等于:

The expression 14y151+31\dfrac{1^{4y-1}}{5^{-1}+3^{-1}} is equal to:

4y18\dfrac{4y-1}{8}

88

152\dfrac{15}{2}

158\dfrac{15}{8}

18\dfrac18

知识点:指数分数代数变形
难度评级:1140
小提示:

先化简分子中的幂

First simplify the power in the numerator

大提示:

把每个负一次幂改写成倒数

Rewrite each negative first power as a reciprocal

解答:

分子为 11,而 51+31=15+13=815 5^{-1}+3^{-1}=\frac15+\frac13=\frac8{15}\text{。}因此该表达式等于 1815=158\frac{1}{\frac{8}{15}}=\frac{15}{8}

所以正确答案是 D

The numerator is 1,1, while 51+31=15+13=815. 5^{-1}+3^{-1}=\frac15+\frac13=\frac8{15}. Therefore the expression equals 1815=158.\frac{1}{\frac{8}{15}}=\frac{15}{8}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

2.

表达式 4334\sqrt{\dfrac43}-\sqrt{\dfrac34} 等于:

The expression 4334\sqrt{\dfrac43}-\sqrt{\dfrac34} is equal to:

36\dfrac{\sqrt3}{6}

36-\dfrac{\sqrt3}{6}

36\dfrac{\sqrt{-3}}6

536\dfrac{5\sqrt3}{6}

11

难度评级:1320
小提示:

把两个根式分别写成 23\frac{2}{\sqrt3}32\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

Write the two radicals as 23\frac{2}{\sqrt3} and 32\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

大提示:

先通分,再将分母有理化

Use a common denominator before rationalizing

解答:

2332=4323=36 \frac2{\sqrt3}-\frac{\sqrt3}{2} =\frac{4-3}{2\sqrt3} =\frac{\sqrt3}{6}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

We have 2332=4323=36. \frac2{\sqrt3}-\frac{\sqrt3}{2} =\frac{4-3}{2\sqrt3} =\frac{\sqrt3}{6}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

3.

某等差数列的前三项依次为 x1x-1x+1x+12x+32x+3xx 的值为:

The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are x1,x-1, x+1,x+1, 2x+3,2x+3, in the order shown. The value of xx is:

2-2

00

22

44

无法确定

undetermined

难度评级:1030
小提示:

等差数列中相邻两项的差相等

Consecutive differences in an arithmetic progression are equal

大提示:

(x+1)(x1)(x+1)-(x-1) 等于 (2x+3)(x+1)(2x+3)-(x+1)

Set (x+1)(x1)(x+1)-(x-1) equal to (2x+3)(x+1)(2x+3)-(x+1)

解答:

由相邻项之差相等可得 2=(2x+3)(x+1)=x+2 2=(2x+3)-(x+1)=x+2\text{,}所以 x=0x=0

所以正确答案是 B

Equality of consecutive differences gives 2=(2x+3)(x+1)=x+2, 2=(2x+3)-(x+1)=x+2, so x=0.x=0.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

4.

8x=328^x=32,则 xx 等于:

If 8x=32,8^x=32, then xx equals:

44

53\dfrac53

32\dfrac32

35\dfrac35

14\dfrac14

知识点:指数代数变形
难度评级:1400
小提示:

把等式两边都写成 22 的幂

Express both sides as powers of 22

大提示:

23x=252^{3x}=2^5 中令指数相等

Equate the exponents in 23x=252^{3x}=2^5

解答:

因为 8=238=2^332=2532=2^5,原方程化为 23x=252^{3x}=2^5。因此 3x=53x=5,且 x=53x=\frac{5}{3}

所以正确答案是 B

Since 8=238=2^3 and 32=25,32=2^5, the equation becomes 23x=25.2^{3x}=2^5. Hence 3x=53x=5 and x=53.x=\frac{5}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

5.

若将一个圆的半径增加 11 个单位,则新圆的周长与直径之比为:

If the radius of a circle is increased by 11 unit, the ratio of the new circumference to the new diameter is:

π+2\pi+2

2π+12\dfrac{2\pi+1}{2}

π\pi

2π12\dfrac{2\pi-1}{2}

π2\pi-2

难度评级:800
小提示:

设新半径为 RR

Call the new radius RR

大提示:

用周长 2πR2\pi R 除以直径 2R2R

Divide the circumference 2πR2\pi R by the diameter 2R2R

解答:

对于任意圆,无论半径多大,周长除以直径都等于 2πR2R=π \frac{2\pi R}{2R}=\pi\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

For every circle, regardless of its radius, the circumference divided by the diameter is 2πR2R=π. \frac{2\pi R}{2R}=\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

6.

一个正方形与一个等边三角形的周长相等。该三角形的面积为 939\sqrt3 平方英寸。以英寸为单位,正方形的对角线长为:

A square and an equilateral triangle have equal perimeters. The area of the triangle is 939\sqrt3 square inches. Expressed in inches the diagonal of the square is:

92\dfrac92

252\sqrt5

424\sqrt2

922\dfrac{9\sqrt2}{2}

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1410
小提示:

34s2\frac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2 表示三角形的面积

Use 34s2\frac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2 for the triangle’s area

大提示:

令两个周长相等,再把正方形的边长乘以 2\sqrt2

Equate the two perimeters, then multiply the square’s side by 2\sqrt2

解答:

若三角形的边长为 ss,则 34s2=93 \frac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2=9\sqrt3\text{,}所以 s=6s=6。其周长为 1818,故正方形边长为 184=92\frac{18}{4}=\frac{9}{2}。因此正方形的对角线长为 922\frac{9\sqrt2}{2}

所以正确答案是 D

If ss is the triangle’s side, then 34s2=93, \frac{\sqrt3}{4}s^2=9\sqrt3, so s=6.s=6. Its perimeter is 18,18, making the square’s side 184=92.\frac{18}{4}=\frac{9}{2}. The square’s diagonal is therefore 922.\frac{9\sqrt2}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

设三角形 ABCABCBBCC 处的外角平分线交于 DD。若所有角度均以度为单位,则角 BDCBDC 等于:

Let the bisectors of the exterior angles at BB and CC of triangle ABCABC meet at D.D. Then, if all measurements are in degrees, angle BDCBDC equals:

12(90A)\dfrac12(90-A)

90A90-A

12(180A)\dfrac12(180-A)

180A180-A

1802A180-2A

难度评级:1300
小提示:

每条外角平分线与相应边所成的角为 90B290^\circ-\frac{B}{2}90C290^\circ-\frac{C}{2}

Each exterior-angle bisector makes an angle 90B290^\circ-\frac{B}{2} or 90C290^\circ-\frac{C}{2} with a side

大提示:

对三角形 BDCBDC 使用内角和,并利用 B+C=180AB+C=180^\circ-A

Apply the angle sum in triangle BDCBDC and use B+C=180AB+C=180^\circ-A

解答:

三角形 BDCBDCBBCC 处的角分别为 90B290^\circ-\frac{B}{2}90C290^\circ-\frac{C}{2}。因此 BDC=180(90B2)(90C2)=B+C2=180A2 \begin{aligned} \angle BDC &=180^\circ-\left(90^\circ-\frac B2\right) \\ &\quad-\left(90^\circ-\frac C2\right)\\ &=\frac{B+C}{2} \\ &=\frac{180^\circ-A}{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The angles of triangle BDCBDC at BB and CC are 90B290^\circ-\frac{B}{2} and 90C2.90^\circ-\frac{C}{2}. Thus BDC=180(90B2)(90C2)=B+C2=180A2. \begin{aligned} \angle BDC &=180^\circ-\left(90^\circ-\frac B2\right) \\ &\quad-\left(90^\circ-\frac C2\right)\\ &=\frac{B+C}{2} \\ &=\frac{180^\circ-A}{2}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

8.

已知一组 nn 个数,其中 n>1n\gt1,一个数是 11n1-\dfrac1n,其余各数都是 11。这 nn 个数的算术平均数为:

Given the set of nn numbers, n>1,n\gt1, of which one is 11n1-\dfrac1n and all the others are 1.1. The arithmetic mean of the nn numbers is:

11

n1nn-\dfrac1n

n1n2n-\dfrac1{n^2}

11n21-\dfrac1{n^2}

11n1n21-\dfrac1n-\dfrac1{n^2}

难度评级:1230
小提示:

其中有 n1n-111

There are n1n-1 copies of 11

大提示:

将这 nn 个数相加,再用总和除以 nn

Add all nn numbers, then divide the sum by nn

解答:

这些数的总和为 (n1)+(11n)=n1n (n-1)+\left(1-\frac1n\right)=n-\frac1n\text{。}再除以 nn,得到 11n21-\frac{1}{n^2}

所以正确答案是 D

The sum is (n1)+(11n)=n1n. (n-1)+\left(1-\frac1n\right)=n-\frac1n. Dividing by nn gives 11n2.1-\frac{1}{n^2}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

9.

x9xx^9-x 尽可能完全地分解为具有整数系数的多项式和单项式之积,所得因式的个数为:

When x9xx^9-x is factored as completely as possible into polynomials and monomials with integral coefficients, the number of factors is:

多于 55

more than 55

55

44

33

22

难度评级:1280
小提示:

x(x81)x(x^8-1) 开始,反复使用平方差公式

Begin with x(x81)x(x^8-1) and repeatedly use differences of squares

大提示:

在整数范围内,分解出 xxx1x-1x+1x+1x2+1x^2+1x4+1x^4+1 后停止

Over the integers, stop after isolating x,x, x1,x-1, x+1,x+1, x2+1,x^2+1, and x4+1x^4+1

解答:

在整数范围内分解得 x9x=x(x1)(x+1)(x2+1)(x4+1) \begin{aligned} x^9-x &=x(x-1)(x+1)\\ &\quad\cdot(x^2+1)(x^4+1) \end{aligned}\text{。}最后两个非常数因式在整数范围内不可约,所以共有 55 个因式。

所以正确答案是 B

Factoring over the integers gives x9x=x(x1)(x+1)(x2+1)(x4+1). \begin{aligned} x^9-x &=x(x-1)(x+1)\\ &\quad\cdot(x^2+1)(x^4+1). \end{aligned} The last two nonconstant factors are irreducible over the integers, so there are 55 factors.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

某人开车前往海滨,150150 英里的路程用时 33 小时 2020 分钟。他从海滨返回出发点用时 44 小时 1010 分钟。设全程平均速度为 rr。则去程平均速度比 rr 高多少英里每小时?

A man drives 150150 miles to the seashore in 33 hours and 2020 minutes. He returns from the shore to the starting point in 44 hours and 1010 minutes. Let rr be the average rate for the entire trip. Then the average rate for the trip going exceeds r,r, in miles per hour, by:

55

4124\dfrac12

44

22

11

难度评级:1320
小提示:

用总路程除以总时间求 rr

Use total distance divided by total time for rr

大提示:

去程时间为 103\frac{10}{3} 小时,往返总时间为 152\frac{15}{2} 小时

The outbound time is 103\frac{10}{3} hours and the round-trip time is 152\frac{15}{2} hours

解答:

去程速度为每小时 150103=45\frac{150}{\frac{10}{3}}=45 英里。全程在 313+416=712 3\frac13+4\frac16=7\frac12 小时内行驶 300300 英里,所以 r=300152=40r=\frac{300}{\frac{15}{2}}=40。速度之差为 4540=545-40=5

所以正确答案是 A

The outbound rate is 150103=45\frac{150}{\frac{10}{3}}=45 miles per hour. The entire trip covers 300300 miles in 313+416=712 3\frac13+4\frac16=7\frac12 hours, so r=300152=40.r=\frac{300}{\frac{15}{2}}=40. The difference is 4540=5.45-40=5.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

11.

方程 x2px+p214=0 x^2-px+\frac{p^2-1}{4}=0 的较大根与较小根之差为:

The difference between the larger root and the smaller root of x2px+p214=0 x^2-px+\frac{p^2-1}{4}=0 is:

00

11

22

pp

p+1p+1

难度评级:1110
小提示:

计算该二次方程的判别式

Compute the discriminant of the quadratic

大提示:

两根为 p±Δ2\frac{p\pm\sqrt{\Delta}}{2}

The two roots are p±Δ2\frac{p\pm\sqrt{\Delta}}{2}

解答:

判别式为 p24(p214)=1 p^2-4\left(\frac{p^2-1}{4}\right)=1\text{。}两根为 p+12\frac{p+1}{2}p12\frac{p-1}{2},两者之差为 11

所以正确答案是 B

The discriminant is p24(p214)=1. p^2-4\left(\frac{p^2-1}{4}\right)=1. The roots are p+12\frac{p+1}{2} and p12,\frac{p-1}{2}, whose difference is 1.1.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

12.

展开 (11a)6\left(1-\dfrac1a\right)^6 后,最后三项的系数之和为:

When (11a)6\left(1-\dfrac1a\right)^6 is expanded, the sum of the last three coefficients is:

2222

1111

1010

10-10

11-11

难度评级:1210
小提示:

最后三项含有的幂依次为 a4a^{-4}a5a^{-5}a6a^{-6}

The last three terms use powers a4,a^{-4}, a5,a^{-5}, and a6a^{-6}

大提示:

别漏掉 (1a)k(-\frac{1}{a})^k 所产生的正负号交替

Include the alternating signs from (1a)k(-\frac{1}{a})^k

解答:

最后三项的系数为 (64),(65),(66) \binom64,\quad-\binom65,\quad\binom66\text{,}所以它们的和为 156+1=1015-6+1=10

所以正确答案是 C

The last three terms have coefficients (64),(65),(66), \binom64,\quad-\binom65,\quad\binom66, so their sum is 156+1=10.15-6+1=10.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

RRSS 成正比,与 TT 成反比。当 R=43R=\dfrac43T=914T=\dfrac9{14} 时,S=37S=\dfrac37。求当 R=48R=\sqrt{48}T=75T=\sqrt{75} 时的 SS

RR varies directly as SS and inversely as T.T. When R=43R=\dfrac43 and T=914,T=\dfrac9{14}, S=37.S=\dfrac37. Find SS when R=48R=\sqrt{48} and T=75.T=\sqrt{75}.

2828

3030

4040

4242

6060

难度评级:1500
小提示:

将比例关系写成 R=kSTR=\frac{kS}{T}

Write the variation as R=kSTR=\frac{kS}{T}

大提示:

kk 固定时,RTS\frac{RT}{S} 为常数

For fixed k,k, the quantity RTS\frac{RT}{S} is constant

解答:

因为 R=kSTR=\frac{kS}{T},所以 S=RTkS=\frac{RT}{k}。于是 S2S1=R2T2R1T1=4875(43)(914)=6067=70 \begin{aligned} \frac{S_2}{S_1} &=\frac{R_2T_2}{R_1T_1}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{48}\sqrt{75}} {(\frac{4}{3})(\frac{9}{14})}\\ &=\frac{60}{\frac{6}{7}}=70 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 S2=(37)70=30S_2=(\frac{3}{7})\cdot70=30

所以正确答案是 B

Because R=kST,R=\frac{kS}{T}, we have S=RTk.S=\frac{RT}{k}. Hence S2S1=R2T2R1T1=4875(43)(914)=6067=70. \begin{aligned} \frac{S_2}{S_1} &=\frac{R_2T_2}{R_1T_1}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{48}\sqrt{75}} {(\frac{4}{3})(\frac{9}{14})}\\ &=\frac{60}{\frac{6}{7}}=70. \end{aligned} Therefore S2=(37)70=30.S_2=(\frac{3}{7})\cdot70=30.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

14.

当项数无限增加时,设等比级数 483+1694-\dfrac83+\dfrac{16}{9}-\cdots 的极限和为 ss。则 ss 等于:

Let ss be the limiting sum of the geometric series 483+169,4-\dfrac83+\dfrac{16}{9}-\cdots, as the number of terms increases without bound. Then ss equals:

0011 之间的一个数

a number between 00 and 11

2.42.4

2.52.5

3.63.6

1212

知识点:等比数列求和
难度评级:1110
小提示:

求第二项与第一项之比

Find the ratio of the second term to the first

大提示:

由于公比的绝对值小于 11,使用 a1r\frac{a}{1-r}

Use a1r\frac{a}{1-r} because the ratio has absolute value less than 11

解答:

首项为 44,公比为 23-\frac{2}{3}。因此 s=41(23)=125=2.4 s=\frac4{1-(-\frac{2}{3})}=\frac{12}{5}=2.4\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

The first term is 44 and the common ratio is 23.-\frac{2}{3}. Thus s=41(23)=125=2.4. s=\frac4{1-(-\frac{2}{3})}=\frac{12}{5}=2.4.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

15.

已知三角形 ABCABC 的底边 ABAB 的长度与位置固定。当顶点 CC 沿一条直线移动时,三条中线的交点沿下列哪种轨迹移动:

Given triangle ABCABC with base ABAB fixed in length and position. As the vertex CC moves on a straight line, the intersection point of the three medians moves on:

a circle

抛物线

a parabola

椭圆

an ellipse

直线

a straight line

以上未列出的一条曲线

a curve here not listed

知识点:重心变换向量
难度评级:1280
小提示:

重心位于从一个顶点到对边中点的中线上,距该顶点全长的三分之二处

The centroid lies two-thirds of the way from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side

大提示:

ABAB 固定时,把重心表示为一个定点加上 CC 的位置向量的三分之一

With ABAB fixed, express the centroid as a fixed point plus one-third of the position vector of CC

解答:

也用 AABBCC 表示相应的位置向量。重心为 G=A+B+C3 G=\frac{A+B+C}{3}\text{。}因为 AABB 固定,所以这是将 CC 的位置按 13\frac{1}{3} 缩放后再平移。因此直线轨迹仍映射成直线轨迹。

所以正确答案是 D

Let A,A, B,B, and CC also denote their position vectors. The centroid is G=A+B+C3. G=\frac{A+B+C}{3}. Since AA and BB are fixed, this is a translation and scaling by 13\frac{1}{3} of the position of C.C. A straight-line locus therefore maps to a straight-line locus.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

16.

已知矩形 R1R_1 的一边长为 22 英寸,面积为 1212 平方英寸。对角线长为 1515 英寸的矩形 R2R_2R1R_1 相似。以平方英寸为单位,R2R_2 的面积为:

Given rectangle R1R_1 with one side 22 inches and area 1212 square inches. Rectangle R2R_2 with diagonal 1515 inches is similar to R1.R_1. Expressed in square inches the area of R2R_2 is:

92\dfrac92

3636

1352\dfrac{135}{2}

9109\sqrt{10}

27104\dfrac{27\sqrt{10}}4

难度评级:1510
小提示:

R1R_1 的两条边长为 2266

The sides of R1R_1 are 22 and 66

大提示:

面积之比等于对应对角线之比的平方

Areas scale as the square of the ratio of corresponding diagonals

解答:

R1R_1 的对角线长为 22+62=210\sqrt{2^2+6^2}=2\sqrt{10}。因此 [R2][R1]=(15210)2=458 \frac{[R_2]}{[R_1]} =\left(\frac{15}{2\sqrt{10}}\right)^2 =\frac{45}{8}\text{。}所以 [R2]=12(458)=1352[R_2]=12(\frac{45}{8})=\frac{135}{2}

所以正确答案是 C

The diagonal of R1R_1 is 22+62=210.\sqrt{2^2+6^2}=2\sqrt{10}. Therefore [R2][R1]=(15210)2=458. \frac{[R_2]}{[R_1]} =\left(\frac{15}{2\sqrt{10}}\right)^2 =\frac{45}{8}. Thus [R2]=12(458)=1352.[R_2]=12(\frac{45}{8})=\frac{135}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

17.

a=log8225a=\log_8 225b=log215b=\log_2 15,则用 bb 表示的 aa 为:

If a=log8225a=\log_8 225 and b=log215,b=\log_2 15, then a,a, in terms of b,b, is:

b2\dfrac b2

2b3\dfrac{2b}{3}

bb

3b2\dfrac{3b}{2}

2b2b

难度评级:1180
小提示:

写出 225=152225=15^28=238=2^3

Write 225=152225=15^2 and 8=238=2^3

大提示:

使用以 22 为底的换底公式

Use the change-of-base formula with base 22

解答:

换成以 22 为底,得到 a=log2(152)log2(23)=2log2153=2b3 \begin{aligned} a&=\frac{\log_2(15^2)}{\log_2(2^3)}\\ &=\frac{2\log_2 15}{3} =\frac{2b}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Changing to base 22 gives a=log2(152)log2(23)=2log2153=2b3. \begin{aligned} a&=\frac{\log_2(15^2)}{\log_2(2^3)}\\ &=\frac{2\log_2 15}{3} =\frac{2b}{3}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

18.

一个正十二边形(1212 条边)内接于半径为 rr 英寸的圆。以平方英寸为单位,该十二边形的面积为:

A regular dodecagon (1212 sides) is inscribed in a circle with radius rr inches. The area of the dodecagon, in square inches, is:

3r23r^2

2r22r^2

3r234\dfrac{3r^2\sqrt3}{4}

r23r^2\sqrt3

3r233r^2\sqrt3

难度评级:1210
小提示:

将十二边形分成 1212 个以圆心为一个顶点的三角形

Divide the dodecagon into 1212 triangles with vertex at the center

大提示:

每个圆心角为 3030^\circ,所以使用 12r2sin30\frac12r^2\sin30^\circ

Each central angle is 3030^\circ, so use 12r2sin30\frac12r^2\sin30^\circ

解答:

1212 个以圆心为顶点的三角形,每个面积为 12r2sin30=r24 \frac12r^2\sin30^\circ=\frac{r^2}{4}\text{。}因此总面积为 12(r24)=3r212(\frac{r^2}{4})=3r^2

所以正确答案是 A

Each of the 1212 central triangles has area 12r2sin30=r24. \frac12r^2\sin30^\circ=\frac{r^2}{4}. Their total area is 12(r24)=3r2.12(\frac{r^2}{4})=3r^2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

19.

若抛物线 y=ax2+bx+cy=ax^2+bx+c 经过点 (1,12)(-1,12)(0,5)(0,5)(2,3)(2,-3),则 a+b+ca+b+c 的值为:

If the parabola y=ax2+bx+cy=ax^2+bx+c passes through the points (1,12),(-1,12), (0,5),(0,5), and (2,3),(2,-3), the value of a+b+ca+b+c is:

4-4

2-2

00

11

22

难度评级:1280
小提示:

所求的和就是抛物线在 x=1x=1 处的函数值

The requested sum is the value of the parabola at x=1x=1

大提示:

利用给出的三个点解出 aabbcc

Use the three given points to solve for a,a, b,b, and cc

解答:

由点 (0,5)(0,5)c=5c=5。另外两个点给出 ab=7,4a+2b=8 a-b=7,\qquad 4a+2b=-8\text{。}解得 a=1a=1b=6b=-6。因此 a+b+c=16+5=0a+b+c=1-6+5=0

所以正确答案是 C

The point (0,5)(0,5) gives c=5.c=5. The other two points give ab=7,4a+2b=8. a-b=7,\qquad 4a+2b=-8. Solving yields a=1a=1 and b=6.b=-6. Hence a+b+c=16+5=0.a+b+c=1-6+5=0.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

20.

一个五边形的五个内角成等差数列。其中必有一个角的度数为:

The angles of a pentagon are in arithmetic progression. One of the angles, in degrees, must be:

108108

9090

7272

5454

3636

难度评级:1440
小提示:

五个成等差数列的数,其中间项等于这五项的平均数

Five terms in arithmetic progression have their middle term equal to their average

大提示:

五边形的内角和为 540540^\circ

The interior angles of a pentagon sum to 540540^\circ

解答:

五个角的平均数为 5405=108\frac{540^\circ}{5}=108^\circ。对于五个成等差数列的数,中间项等于平均数,所以必有一个角为 108108^\circ

所以正确答案是 A

The average of the five angles is 5405=108.\frac{540^\circ}{5}=108^\circ. For five terms in arithmetic progression, the middle term equals the average, so one angle must be 108.108^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

21.

已知 2x2+rx+s=02x^2+rx+s=0 的一个根为 3+2i3+2i,其中 rrss 为实数,这里 (i=1)(i=\sqrt{-1})。则 ss 的值为:

It is given that one root of 2x2+rx+s=0,2x^2+rx+s=0, with rr and ss real numbers, is 3+2i3+2i (i=1).(i=\sqrt{-1}). The value of ss is:

无法确定

undetermined

55

66

13-13

2626

知识点:复数韦达定理
难度评级:1210
小提示:

实系数多项式还具有与该根共轭的根

A polynomial with real coefficients also has the conjugate root

大提示:

利用两根之积和韦达定理

Use the product of the roots and Vieta’s formula

解答:

另一个根为 32i3-2i。两根之积为 (3+2i)(32i)=9+4=13 (3+2i)(3-2i)=9+4=13\text{。}由韦达定理得 s2=13\frac{s}{2}=13,所以 s=26s=26

所以正确答案是 E

The other root is 32i.3-2i. Their product is (3+2i)(32i)=9+4=13. (3+2i)(3-2i)=9+4=13. Vieta’s formula gives s2=13,\frac{s}{2}=13, so s=26.s=26.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

22.

用整数进制 bb 表示的数 121b121_b 在下列何种情况下是某个整数的平方:

The number 121b,121_b, written in the integral base b,b, is the square of an integer, for:

仅当 b=10b=10

b=10,b=10, only

仅当 b=10b=10b=5b=5

b=10b=10 and b=5,b=5, only

2b102\le b\le10

b>2b\gt2

不存在 bb 的取值

no value of bb

难度评级:1440
小提示:

121b121_b 转化为关于 bb 的表达式

Convert 121b121_b to an expression in bb

大提示:

注意数字 22 要求 b>2b\gt2

Remember that the digit 22 requires b>2b\gt2

解答:

用通常的记数法, 121b=b2+2b+1=(b+1)2 121_b=b^2+2b+1=(b+1)^2\text{。}对每个允许的进制,这都是一个平方数。由于出现了数字 22,恰好只有满足 b>2b\gt2 的整数进制才可用。

所以正确答案是 D

In ordinary notation, 121b=b2+2b+1=(b+1)2. 121_b=b^2+2b+1=(b+1)^2. This is a square for every allowable base. Since digit 22 occurs, precisely the integral bases b>2b\gt2 are allowable.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,CDCDABAB 边上的高,AEAEBCBC 边上的高。若 ABABCDCDAEAE 的长度已知,则 DBDB 的长度:

In triangle ABC,ABC, CDCD is the altitude to ABAB and AEAE is the altitude to BC.BC. If the lengths of AB,AB, CD,CD, and AEAE are known, the length of DBDB is:

无法由所给信息确定

not determined by the information given

仅当 AA 为锐角时才能确定

determined only if AA is an acute angle

仅当 BB 为锐角时才能确定

determined only if BB is an acute angle

仅当 ABCABC 为锐角三角形时才能确定

determined only if ABCABC is an acute triangle

以上说法均不正确

none of these is correct

难度评级:1570
小提示:

利用两条已知的高,以两种方式计算三角形的面积

Compute the triangle’s area in two ways using the two known altitudes

大提示:

求出 BCBC 后,利用直角三角形 BCDBCD

After finding BC,BC, use right triangle BCDBCD

解答:

AB=cAB=cCD=hCD=h,且 AE=eAE=e。令两个面积公式相等,得到 12ch=12(BC)e \frac12ch=\frac12(BC)e\text{,}所以 BC=cheBC=\frac{ch}{e}。由于三角形 BCDBCDDD 处为直角, DB=BC2CD2 DB=\sqrt{BC^2-CD^2}\text{。}无论原三角形是锐角、直角还是钝角三角形,这都能确定 DBDB,所以前四个选项均不正确。

所以正确答案是 E

Let AB=c,AB=c, CD=h,CD=h, and AE=e.AE=e. Equating two area formulas gives 12ch=12(BC)e, \frac12ch=\frac12(BC)e, so BC=che.BC=\frac{ch}{e}. Since triangle BCDBCD is right at D,D, DB=BC2CD2. DB=\sqrt{BC^2-CD^2}. This determines DBDB whether the original triangle is acute, right, or obtuse, so none of the first four choices is correct.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

24.

三台机器 PPQQRR 合作可在 xx 小时内完成一项工作。若单独工作,PP 完成该工作还需多用 66 小时,QQ 还需多用一小时,而 RR 还需多用 xx 小时。xx 的值为:

Three machines P,P, Q,Q, and R,R, working together, can do a job in xx hours. When working alone, PP needs an additional 66 hours to do the job; Q,Q, one additional hour; and R,R, xx additional hours. The value of xx is:

23\dfrac23

1112\dfrac{11}{12}

32\dfrac32

22

33

知识点:速率分式方程
难度评级:1710
小提示:

三台机器各自完成工作的时间分别为 x+6x+6x+1x+12x2x

The individual completion times are x+6,x+6, x+1,x+1, and 2x2x

大提示:

令各机器每小时工作量之和等于 1x\frac{1}{x}

Set the sum of the individual hourly rates equal to 1x\frac{1}{x}

解答:

工作速度满足 1x+6+1x+1+12x=1x \frac1{x+6}+\frac1{x+1}+\frac1{2x}=\frac1x\text{。}因此 1x+6+1x+1=12x \frac1{x+6}+\frac1{x+1}=\frac1{2x}\text{,}化简得 3x2+7x6=03x^2+7x-6=0,即 (3x2)(x+3)=0(3x-2)(x+3)=0。时间必须为正,所以 x=23x=\frac{2}{3}

所以正确答案是 A

The rates satisfy 1x+6+1x+1+12x=1x. \frac1{x+6}+\frac1{x+1}+\frac1{2x}=\frac1x. Thus 1x+6+1x+1=12x, \frac1{x+6}+\frac1{x+1}=\frac1{2x}, which simplifies to 3x2+7x6=0,3x^2+7x-6=0, or (3x2)(x+3)=0.(3x-2)(x+3)=0. A time must be positive, so x=23.x=\frac{2}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

25.

已知正方形 ABCDABCD 的边长为 88 英尺。作一个经过顶点 AADD 且与边 BCBC 相切的圆。以英尺为单位,该圆的半径为:

Given square ABCDABCD with side 88 feet. A circle is drawn through vertices AA and DD and tangent to side BC.BC. The radius of the circle, in feet, is:

44

424\sqrt2

55

525\sqrt2

66

难度评级:1570
小提示:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)D=(0,8)D=(0,8),并使 BCBC 位于直线 x=8x=8

Place A=(0,0),A=(0,0), D=(0,8),D=(0,8), and BCBC on the line x=8x=8

大提示:

圆心位于 ADAD 的垂直平分线上,且圆心到 BCBC 的距离等于半径

The center lies on the perpendicular bisector of ADAD, and its distance to BCBC equals the radius

解答:

设圆心为 (h,4)(h,4)。由于圆经过 AAr2=h2+16 r^2=h^2+16\text{。}x=8x=8 相切给出 r=8hr=8-h。因此 h2+16=(8h)2h^2+16=(8-h)^2,所以 h=3h=3,且 r=5r=5

所以正确答案是 C

Place the center at (h,4).(h,4). Since the circle passes through A,A, r2=h2+16. r^2=h^2+16. Tangency to x=8x=8 gives r=8h.r=8-h. Therefore h2+16=(8h)2,h^2+16=(8-h)^2, so h=3h=3 and r=5.r=5.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

26.

xx 取任意实数时,8x3x28x-3x^2 的最大值为:

For any real value of xx the maximum value of 8x3x28x-3x^2 is:

00

83\dfrac83

44

55

163\dfrac{16}{3}

难度评级:1180
小提示:

8x3x28x-3x^2 配方

Complete the square in 8x3x28x-3x^2

大提示:

负的平方项在等于 00 时最大

A negative square is largest when it equals 00

解答:

配方得 8x3x2=1633(x43)2 8x-3x^2 =\frac{16}{3}-3\left(x-\frac43\right)^2\text{。}平方项非负,所以最大值为 163\frac{16}{3}

所以正确答案是 E

Completing the square, 8x3x2=1633(x43)2. 8x-3x^2 =\frac{16}{3}-3\left(x-\frac43\right)^2. The square term is nonnegative, so the maximum is 163.\frac{16}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

27.

a@ba\mathbin{@}b 表示对两个数 aabb 取较大者的运算,并规定 a@a=aa\mathbin{@}a=a。令 a!ba\mathbin{!}b 表示取两数中较小者的运算,并规定 a!a=aa\mathbin{!}a=a。以下三条法则中哪些正确?(1)a@b=b@a,(2)a@(b@c)=(a@b)@c,(3)a!(b@c)=(a!b)@(a!c) \begin{aligned} (1)\quad&a\mathbin{@}b=b\mathbin{@}a,\\ (2)\quad&a\mathbin{@}(b\mathbin{@}c)=(a\mathbin{@}b)\mathbin{@}c,\\ (3)\quad&a\mathbin{!}(b\mathbin{@}c)\\ &\quad=(a\mathbin{!}b)\mathbin{@}(a\mathbin{!}c) \end{aligned}\text{。}

Let a@ba\mathbin{@}b represent the operation on two numbers, aa and b,b, which selects the larger of the two numbers, with a@a=a.a\mathbin{@}a=a. Let a!ba\mathbin{!}b represent the operation which selects the smaller of the two numbers, with a!a=a.a\mathbin{!}a=a. Which of the following three rules is (are) correct? (1)a@b=b@a,(2)a@(b@c)=(a@b)@c,(3)a!(b@c)=(a!b)@(a!c). \begin{aligned} (1)\quad&a\mathbin{@}b=b\mathbin{@}a,\\ (2)\quad&a\mathbin{@}(b\mathbin{@}c)=(a\mathbin{@}b)\mathbin{@}c,\\ (3)\quad&a\mathbin{!}(b\mathbin{@}c)\\ &\quad=(a\mathbin{!}b)\mathbin{@}(a\mathbin{!}c). \end{aligned}

(1)(1)

(1)(1) only

(2)(2)

(2)(2) only

(1)(1)(2)(2)

(1)(1) and (2)(2) only

(1)(1)(3)(3)

(1)(1) and (3)(3) only

三条都正确

all three

难度评级:1500
小提示:

@\mathbin{@} 理解为取最大值,把 !\mathbin{!} 理解为取最小值

Translate @\mathbin{@} as maximum and !\mathbin{!} as minimum

大提示:

对法则 (3)(3),分别在 aa 小于或大于 max(b,c)\max(b,c) 时比较两边

For rule (3),(3), compare both sides separately when aa is below or above max(b,c)\max(b,c)

解答:

取最大值满足交换律和结合律,所以 (1)(1)(2)(2) 成立。法则 (3)(3) 是分配恒等式 min(a,max(b,c))=max(min(a,b),min(a,c)) \begin{aligned} &\min(a,\max(b,c))\\ &\quad=\max(\min(a,b),\min(a,c)) \end{aligned}\text{。}amax(b,c)a\ge\max(b,c),两边都等于 max(b,c)\max(b,c);若 a<max(b,c)a\lt\max(b,c),两边都等于 aa。因此 (3)(3) 也成立。

所以正确答案是 E

Maximum is commutative and associative, so (1)(1) and (2)(2) hold. Rule (3)(3) is the distributive identity min(a,max(b,c))=max(min(a,b),min(a,c)). \begin{aligned} &\min(a,\max(b,c))\\ &\quad=\max(\min(a,b),\min(a,c)). \end{aligned} If amax(b,c),a\ge\max(b,c), both sides equal max(b,c);\max(b,c); if a<max(b,c),a\lt\max(b,c), both sides equal a.a. Thus (3)(3) also holds.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

28.

满足方程 xlog10x=x3100 x^{\log_{10}x}=\frac{x^3}{100} xx 值集合为:

The set of xx-values satisfying the equation xlog10x=x3100 x^{\log_{10}x}=\frac{x^3}{100} consists of:

110\dfrac1{10}

110,\dfrac1{10}, only

1010

10,10, only

100100

100,100, only

1010100100

1010 or 100,100, only

多于两个实数

more than two real numbers

难度评级:1520
小提示:

对数要求 x>0x\gt0;令 y=log10xy=\log_{10}x

The logarithm requires x>0x\gt0; set y=log10xy=\log_{10}x

大提示:

两边取以 1010 为底的对数,得到关于 yy 的二次方程

Take base-1010 logarithms to obtain a quadratic in yy

解答:

y=log10xy=\log_{10}x,则 x=10yx=10^y。两边取以 1010 为底的对数,得到 y2=3y2 y^2=3y-2\text{。}因此 (y1)(y2)=0(y-1)(y-2)=0,所以 x=10x=10x=100x=100

所以正确答案是 D

Set y=log10x,y=\log_{10}x, so x=10y.x=10^y. Taking base-1010 logarithms gives y2=3y2. y^2=3y-2. Hence (y1)(y2)=0,(y-1)(y-2)=0, so x=10x=10 or x=100.x=100.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

29.

下列哪组 xx 值满足不等式 2x2+x<62x^2+x\lt6

Which of the following sets of xx-values satisfy the inequality 2x2+x<6?2x^2+x\lt6?

2<x<32-2\lt x\lt\dfrac32

x>32x\gt\dfrac32x<2x\lt-2

x>32x\gt\dfrac32 or x<2x\lt-2

x<32x\lt\dfrac32

32<x<2\dfrac32\lt x\lt2

x<2x\lt-2

难度评级:1150
小提示:

将所有项移到一边,并分解二次式

Move all terms to one side and factor the quadratic

大提示:

两个一次因式的乘积在两根之间为负

A product of two linear factors is negative between its roots

解答:

该不等式为 2x2+x6<02x^2+x-6\lt0。分解得 (2x3)(x+2)<0(2x-3)(x+2)\lt0。乘积在两根之间为负,所以 2<x<32-2\lt x\lt\frac{3}{2}

所以正确答案是 A

The inequality is 2x2+x6<0.2x^2+x-6\lt0. Factoring gives (2x3)(x+2)<0.(2x-3)(x+2)\lt0. The product is negative between its roots, so 2<x<32.-2\lt x\lt\frac{3}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

30.

考虑以下陈述:

(1)(1) ppqq 都为真
(2)(2) pp 为真且 qq 为假
(3)(3) pp 为假且 qq 为真
(4)(4) ppqq 都为假。

其中有多少个陈述蕴含“ppqq 都为真”这一命题的否定?

Consider the statements:

(1)(1) pp and qq are both true
(2)(2) pp is true and qq is false
(3)(3) pp is false and qq is true
(4)(4) pp is false and qq is false.

How many of these imply the negation of the statement “pp and qq are both true”?

00

11

22

33

44

知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1280
小提示:

只有两个命题都为真时,该否定才不成立

The negation fails only when both statements are true

大提示:

检查列出的四种真假赋值中哪些不是情形 (1)(1)

Check which of the four listed truth assignments are not case (1)(1)

解答:

只要 ppqq 中至少一个为假,“ppqq 都为真”的否定就成立。这发生在情形 (2)(2)(3)(3)(4)(4) 中,共有 33 种。

所以正确答案是 D

The negation of “pp and qq are both true” holds whenever at least one of pp and qq is false. This occurs in cases (2),(2), (3),(3), and (4),(4), for a total of 3.3.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

31.

两个边长均为单位长度的正多边形的内角之比为 3:23:2。这样的多边形对有多少组?

The ratio of the interior angles of two regular polygons with sides of unit length is 3:2.3:2. How many such pairs are there?

11

22

33

44

无穷多组

infinitely many

难度评级:1710
小提示:

对于正 nn 边形,一个内角为 180(n2)n\frac{180^\circ(n-2)}{n}

For an nn-gon, an interior angle is 180(n2)n\frac{180^\circ(n-2)}{n}

大提示:

若较小的多边形有 nn 条边,求出较大多边形的边数,并检验满足 3n<63\le n\lt6 的整数

If the smaller polygon has nn sides, solve for the larger side count and test the possible integers 3n<63\le n\lt6

解答:

设较小和较大的多边形分别有 nnNN 条边。则 N2Nn2n=32 \frac{\frac{N-2}{N}}{\frac{n-2}{n}}=\frac32\text{,}解得 N=4n6nN=\frac{4n}{6-n}。由正数条件及 N>nN\gt n,可得 n=3n=3n=4n=4n=5n=5。它们分别给出 N=4N=4N=8N=8N=20N=20。因此共有 33 组。

所以正确答案是 C

Let the smaller and larger polygons have nn and NN sides. Then N2Nn2n=32, \frac{\frac{N-2}{N}}{\frac{n-2}{n}}=\frac32, which gives N=4n6n.N=\frac{4n}{6-n}. Positivity and N>nN\gt n require n=3,n=3, n=4,n=4, or n=5.n=5. These give N=4,N=4, N=8,N=8, and N=20,N=20, respectively. Thus there are 33 pairs.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

32.

若对 k=1k=122\ldotsn1n-1,有 xk+1=xk+12x_{k+1}=x_k+\dfrac12,且 x1=1x_1=1,求 x1+x2++xnx_1+x_2+\cdots+x_n

If xk+1=xk+12x_{k+1}=x_k+\dfrac12 for k=1,k=1, 2,2, ,\ldots, n1n-1 and x1=1,x_1=1, find x1+x2++xn.x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_n.

n+12\dfrac{n+1}{2}

n+32\dfrac{n+3}{2}

n212\dfrac{n^2-1}{2}

n2+n4\dfrac{n^2+n}{4}

n2+3n4\dfrac{n^2+3n}{4}

知识点:等差数列求和
难度评级:1440
小提示:

该递推关系定义了公差为 12\frac{1}{2} 的等差数列

The recurrence defines an arithmetic sequence with common difference 12\frac{1}{2}

大提示:

先求 xnx_n,再使用 n(x1+xn)2\frac{n(x_1+x_n)}{2}

Find xnx_n, then use n(x1+xn)2\frac{n(x_1+x_n)}{2}

解答:

xn=1+n12=n+12x_n=1+\frac{n-1}{2}=\frac{n+1}{2}。因此 x1++xn=n2(1+n+12)=n2+3n4 \begin{aligned} x_1+\cdots+x_n &=\frac n2\left(1+\frac{n+1}{2}\right)\\ &=\frac{n^2+3n}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

We have xn=1+n12=n+12.x_n=1+\frac{n-1}{2}=\frac{n+1}{2}. Therefore x1++xn=n2(1+n+12)=n2+3n4. \begin{aligned} x_1+\cdots+x_n &=\frac n2\left(1+\frac{n+1}{2}\right)\\ &=\frac{n^2+3n}{4}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

33.

满足不等式 2x152\le|x-1|\le5xx 值集合为:

The set of xx-values satisfying the inequality 2x152\le|x-1|\le5 is:

4x1-4\le x\le-13x63\le x\le6

4x1-4\le x\le-1 or 3x63\le x\le6

3x63\le x\le66x3-6\le x\le-3

3x63\le x\le6 or 6x3-6\le x\le-3

x1x\le-1x3x\ge3

x1x\le-1 or x3x\ge3

1x3-1\le x\le3

4x6-4\le x\le6

知识点:绝对值不等式
难度评级:1180
小提示:

将该不等式理解为到 11 的距离介于 2255 之间

Interpret the inequality as distances from 11 between 22 and 55

大提示:

分别解 2x152\le x-1\le55x12-5\le x-1\le-2

Solve 2x152\le x-1\le5 and 5x12-5\le x-1\le-2

解答:

x10x-1\ge0 时,界限给出 3x63\le x\le6。当 x10x-1\le0 时,给出 4x1-4\le x\le-1。解集是这两个区间的并集。

所以正确答案是 A

For x10,x-1\ge0, the bounds give 3x6.3\le x\le6. For x10,x-1\le0, they give 4x1.-4\le x\le-1. The solution is the union of these two intervals.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

34.

当实数 KK 取哪些值时,方程 x=K2(x1)(x2)x=K^2(x-1)(x-2) 有实根?

For what real values of KK does x=K2(x1)(x2)x=K^2(x-1)(x-2) have real roots?

没有任何值

none

2<K<1-2\lt K\lt1

22<K<22-2\sqrt2\lt K\lt2\sqrt2

K>1K\gt1K<2K\lt-2

K>1K\gt1 or K<2K\lt-2

所有实数

all

难度评级:1550
小提示:

展开并合并同类项,得到关于 xx 的二次方程

Expand and collect terms to obtain a quadratic in xx

大提示:

其判别式化简为 K4+6K2+1K^4+6K^2+1

Its discriminant simplifies to K4+6K2+1K^4+6K^2+1

解答:

整理得 K2x2(3K2+1)x+2K2=0 K^2x^2-(3K^2+1)x+2K^2=0\text{。}对每个实数 KK,其判别式均满足 (3K2+1)28K4=K4+6K2+1>0 \begin{aligned} &(3K^2+1)^2-8K^4\\ &\qquad=K^4+6K^2+1\gt0 \end{aligned}\text{。}这也包括 K=0K=0 的情形,此时原方程给出 x=0x=0

所以正确答案是 E

Rearranging gives K2x2(3K2+1)x+2K2=0. K^2x^2-(3K^2+1)x+2K^2=0. Its discriminant is (3K2+1)28K4=K4+6K2+1>0 \begin{aligned} &(3K^2+1)^2-8K^4\\ &\qquad=K^4+6K^2+1\gt0 \end{aligned} for every real K.K. This also covers K=0,K=0, when the original equation gives x=0.x=0.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

35.

某人在下午 6:006{:}00 刚过不久外出赴宴时,看到手表的时针与分针成 110110^\circ 角。他在下午 7:007{:}00 前返回时,发现两根指针再次成 110110^\circ 角。他离开的分钟数为:

A man on his way to dinner shortly after 6:006{:}00 p.m. observes that the hands of his watch form an angle of 110.110^\circ. Returning before 7:007{:}00 p.m. he notices that again the hands of his watch form an angle of 110.110^\circ. The number of minutes that he has been away is:

362336\dfrac23

4040

4242

42.442.4

4545

知识点:时钟相对速度
难度评级:1570
小提示:

在这段时间内,分针每分钟比时针多转 5.55.5^\circ

During the interval, the minute hand gains on the hour hand at 5.55.5^\circ per minute

大提示:

两次观察之间,带符号的角度差从 110110^\circ 变为 110-110^\circ

Between the two observations, the signed separation changes from 110110^\circ to 110-110^\circ

解答:

两次观察分别位于两针重合时刻的前后两侧。带符号的角度差变化了 220220^\circ。由于分针每分钟比时针多转 60.5=5.56-0.5=5.5^\circ,所以经过的时间为 2205.5=40 \frac{220}{5.5}=40 分钟。

所以正确答案是 B

The two observations lie on opposite sides of the instant when the hands coincide. Their signed angular separation changes by 220.220^\circ. Since the minute hand gains on the hour hand at 60.5=5.56-0.5=5.5^\circ per minute, the elapsed time is 2205.5=40 \frac{220}{5.5}=40 minutes.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

36.

xxyy 都是整数,则方程 (x8)(x10)=2y(x-8)(x-10)=2^y 有多少组解?

If both xx and yy are integers, how many solutions are there to the equation (x8)(x10)=2y?(x-8)(x-10)=2^y?

00

11

22

33

多于 33

more than 33

难度评级:1900
小提示:

将左边改写为 (x9)21(x-9)^2-1

Rewrite the left side as (x9)21(x-9)^2-1

大提示:

n=x9n=x-9,则相邻的两个偶数因式 n1n-1n+1n+1 都必须是 22 的幂

If n=x9,n=x-9, then the consecutive even factors n1n-1 and n+1n+1 must both be powers of 22

解答:

n=x9n=x-9。则 2y=n21=(n1)(n+1) 2^y=n^2-1=(n-1)(n+1)\text{。}由于乘积是 22 的幂,两个因式都不能含有奇素因子。相差 22 且均为带符号的 22 的幂的相邻偶数,只有 (4,2)(-4,-2)(2,4)(2,4)。因此 n=±3n=\pm3y=3y=3,给出 x=6x=61212。共有 22 个有序数对 (x,y)(x,y)

所以正确答案是 C

Put n=x9.n=x-9. Then 2y=n21=(n1)(n+1). 2^y=n^2-1=(n-1)(n+1). Since the product is a power of 2,2, both factors must have no odd prime divisor. The only consecutive even integers differing by 22 that are both signed powers of 22 are (4,2)(-4,-2) and (2,4).(2,4). Thus n=±3n=\pm3 and y=3,y=3, giving x=6x=6 or 12.12. There are 22 ordered pairs (x,y).(x,y).

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

37.

ABCDABCD 是边长为单位长度的正方形。分别在边 ABABADAD 上取点 EEFF,使得 AE=AFAE=AF,且四边形 CDFECDFE 的面积最大。以平方单位计,此最大面积为:

ABCDABCD is a square with side of unit length. Points EE and FF are taken respectively on sides ABAB and ADAD so that AE=AFAE=AF and the quadrilateral CDFECDFE has maximum area. In square units this maximum area is:

12\dfrac12

916\dfrac9{16}

1932\dfrac{19}{32}

58\dfrac58

23\dfrac23

难度评级:1730
小提示:

AE=AF=tAE=AF=t,并使用坐标法或鞋带公式

Let AE=AF=tAE=AF=t and use coordinates or the shoelace formula

大提示:

面积化为 12(1+tt2)\frac12(1+t-t^2);再进行配方

The area becomes 12(1+tt2)\frac12(1+t-t^2); complete the square

解答:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(1,0)B=(1,0)C=(1,1)C=(1,1)D=(0,1)D=(0,1)。则 E=(t,0)E=(t,0),且 F=(0,t)F=(0,t)。由鞋带公式得 [CDFE]=1+tt22=5812(t12)2 \begin{aligned} [CDFE]&=\frac{1+t-t^2}{2}\\ &=\frac58-\frac12 \left(t-\frac12\right)^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}其最大值为 58\frac{5}{8}

所以正确答案是 D

Set A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(1,0),B=(1,0), C=(1,1),C=(1,1), and D=(0,1).D=(0,1). Then E=(t,0)E=(t,0) and F=(0,t).F=(0,t). The shoelace formula gives [CDFE]=1+tt22=5812(t12)2. \begin{aligned} [CDFE]&=\frac{1+t-t^2}{2}\\ &=\frac58-\frac12 \left(t-\frac12\right)^2. \end{aligned} Its maximum is 58.\frac{5}{8}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

38.

诺萨奇镇的人口曾经是一个完全平方数。后来人口增加 100100 后,比某个完全平方数多一。现在人口又增加 100100,再次成为完全平方数。

原来的人口是下列哪个数的倍数:

The population of Nosuch Junction at one time was a perfect square. Later, with an increase of 100,100, the population was one more than a perfect square. Now, with an additional increase of 100,100, the population is again a perfect square.

The original population is a multiple of:

33

77

99

1111

1717

难度评级:1980
小提示:

将三个人口数分别写成 a2a^2b2+1b^2+1c2c^2

Write the populations as a2,a^2, b2+1,b^2+1, and c2c^2

大提示:

b2a2=99b^2-a^2=99 出发,检验 9999 的正因数对,再加入条件 c2a2=200c^2-a^2=200

From b2a2=99,b^2-a^2=99, test the positive factor pairs of 9999, then impose c2a2=200c^2-a^2=200

解答:

设原来的人口为 a2a^2。则 b2a2=99,c2a2=200 \begin{aligned} b^2-a^2&=99,\\ c^2-a^2&=200\text{。} \end{aligned} (ba)(b+a)=99(b-a)(b+a)=99aa 的正数可能值为 4949151511。检验第二个条件,只有 a=49a=49 可行,因为 492+200=2601=512 49^2+200=2601=51^2\text{。}人口为 492=7449^2=7^4,是 77 的倍数。

所以正确答案是 B

Let the original population be a2.a^2. Then b2a2=99,c2a2=200. \begin{aligned} b^2-a^2&=99,\\ c^2-a^2&=200. \end{aligned} From (ba)(b+a)=99,(b-a)(b+a)=99, the positive possibilities for aa are 49,49, 15,15, and 1.1. Checking the second condition, only a=49a=49 works, since 492+200=2601=512. 49^2+200=2601=51^2. The population is 492=74,49^2=7^4, a multiple of 7.7.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

39.

一个各边不等的三角形,其两条中线 ANANBPBP 的长度分别为 33 英寸和 66 英寸。其面积为 3153\sqrt{15} 平方英寸。以英寸为单位,第三条中线的长度为:

The medians ANAN and BPBP of a triangle with unequal sides are, respectively, 33 inches and 66 inches long. Its area is 3153\sqrt{15} square inches. The length of the third median, in inches, is:

44

333\sqrt3

363\sqrt6

636\sqrt3

666\sqrt6

难度评级:2090
小提示:

三条中线可组成一个三角形的三边,该三角形面积是原三角形面积的四分之三

The three medians form the side lengths of a triangle whose area is three-fourths the original area

大提示:

利用两条已知中线和该面积求出两种可能的夹角,再排除使两条中线相等的情形

Use the two known median lengths and that area to find the two possible included angles, then reject the case that makes two medians equal

解答:

以三条中线为边所组成的三角形,其面积为 34(315)=9154 \frac34\left(3\sqrt{15}\right)=\frac{9\sqrt{15}}4\text{。}θ\theta 是边长 3366 的夹角,则 9sinθ=9154 9\sin\theta=\frac{9\sqrt{15}}4\text{,}所以 cosθ=±14\cos\theta=\pm\frac{1}{4}。由余弦定理,第三条中线 mm 满足 m2=32+622(3)(6)cosθ m^2=3^2+6^2-2(3)(6)\cos\theta\text{,}得到 m2=36m^2=365454。若 m=6m=6,则两条中线相等,从而两条边也相等。由于原三角形各边不等,故 m=54=36m=\sqrt{54}=3\sqrt6

所以正确答案是 C

The triangle whose sides are the three medians has area 34(315)=9154. \frac34\left(3\sqrt{15}\right)=\frac{9\sqrt{15}}4. If θ\theta is the included angle between its sides 33 and 6,6, then 9sinθ=9154, 9\sin\theta=\frac{9\sqrt{15}}4, so cosθ=±14.\cos\theta=\pm\frac{1}{4}. By the law of cosines, the third median mm satisfies m2=32+622(3)(6)cosθ, m^2=3^2+6^2-2(3)(6)\cos\theta, giving m2=36m^2=36 or 54.54. The value m=6m=6 would make two medians, and hence two sides, equal. Because the triangle has unequal sides, m=54=36.m=\sqrt{54}=3\sqrt6.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

40.

无穷级数 110+2102+3103+ \frac1{10}+\frac2{10^2}+\frac3{10^3}+\cdots 的第 nn 项为 n10n\frac{n}{10^n},其极限和为:

The limiting sum of the infinite series 110+2102+3103+, \frac1{10}+\frac2{10^2}+\frac3{10^3}+\cdots, whose nnth term is n10n,\frac{n}{10^n}, is:

19\dfrac19

1081\dfrac{10}{81}

18\dfrac18

1772\dfrac{17}{72}

大于任何有限量

larger than any finite quantity

难度评级:1570
小提示:

n=0xn=11x\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}x^n=\frac{1}{1-x} 开始

Start from n=0xn=11x\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}x^n=\frac{1}{1-x}

大提示:

先求导,再乘以 xx

Differentiate and then multiply by xx

解答:

x<1|x|\lt1 时, n=1nxn=x(1x)2 \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}nx^n=\frac{x}{(1-x)^2}\text{。}x=110x=\frac{1}{10},得到 110(910)2=1081 \frac{\frac{1}{10}}{(\frac{9}{10})^2}=\frac{10}{81}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

For x<1,|x|\lt1, n=1nxn=x(1x)2. \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}nx^n=\frac{x}{(1-x)^2}. Taking x=110x=\frac{1}{10} gives 110(910)2=1081. \frac{\frac{1}{10}}{(\frac{9}{10})^2}=\frac{10}{81}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.