2019 AIME I 第 13 题

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13.

三角形 ABCABC 的边长为 AB=4AB = 4BC=5BC = 5CA=6CA = 6DDEE 在射线 ABAB 上,且 AB<AD<AEAB \lt AD \lt AEFCF \neq CACD\triangle ACDEBC\triangle EBC 的外接圆的一个交点,并满足 DF=2DF = 2EF=7EF = 7。则 BEBE 可以表示为 a+bcd\frac{a + b\sqrt{c}}{d},其中 aabbccdd 为正整数, aadd 互质,且 cc 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 a+b+c+da + b + c + d

Triangle ABCABC has side lengths AB=4,AB = 4, BC=5,BC = 5, and CA=6.CA = 6. Points DD and EE are on ray ABAB with AB<AD<AE.AB \lt AD \lt AE. The point FCF \neq C is a point of intersection of the circumcircles of ACD\triangle ACD and EBC\triangle EBC satisfying DF=2DF = 2 and EF=7.EF = 7. Then BEBE can be expressed as a+bcd,\frac{a + b\sqrt{c}}{d}, where a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are positive integers such that aa and dd are relatively prime, and cc is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find a+b+c+d.a + b + c + d.

答案:32
知识点:圆内接四边形根轴圆幂余弦定理
难度评级:3370
解答:

D,ED, E 位于射线 ABAB 上超过 BB 的位置,点 FF 位于直线 ABAB 关于 CC 的另一侧。 由于 ACFDACFDBCFEBCFE 为圆内接四边形,圆周角给出 FDA=FCA\angle FDA = \angle FCAFEB=FCB\angle FEB = \angle FCB。记 α=FCA\alpha = \angle FCAβ=FCB\beta = \angle FCB,则三角形 DEFDEFFDE=180α\angle FDE = 180^\circ - \alphaFED=β\angle FED = \beta,所以 DFE=αβ=ACB\angle DFE = \alpha - \beta = \angle ACB。在三角形 ABCABC 中, cosACB=25+3616256=34\cos \angle ACB = \frac{25 + 36 - 16}{2 \cdot 5 \cdot 6} = \frac{3}{4},所以在三角形 DFEDFE 中用余弦定理得到 DE2=22+7222734=32,DE=42. \begin{aligned} DE^2 &= 2^2 + 7^2 - 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 7 \cdot \tfrac{3}{4} \\ &= 32, \\ DE &= 4\sqrt{2}. \end{aligned}

在三角形 DFEDFE 中, cosFDE=4+32492242=13232\cos \angle FDE = \frac{4 + 32 - 49}{2 \cdot 2 \cdot 4\sqrt{2}} = -\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32},所以 α\alpha 为锐角,且 cosα=13232\cos\alpha = \frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32}sinα=13381024=71432\sin\alpha = \sqrt{1 - \frac{338}{1024}} = \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32}。设 GG 为直线 CFCF 与直线 ABAB 的交点。在三角形 ACGACG 中, GAC=BAC\angle GAC = \angle BAC,且 cosBAC=16+3625246=916\cos \angle BAC = \frac{16 + 36 - 25}{2 \cdot 4 \cdot 6} = \frac{9}{16}sinBAC=5716\sin \angle BAC = \frac{5\sqrt{7}}{16},又 ACG=α\angle ACG = \alpha,所以 sin(BAC+α)\sin(\angle BAC + \alpha) =571613232= \frac{5\sqrt{7}}{16} \cdot \frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32} +91671432+ \frac{9}{16} \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32} =144= \frac{\sqrt{14}}{4},并且 AG=ACsinαsin(BAC+α)=671432144=214. \begin{aligned} AG &= \frac{AC \sin \alpha}{\sin(\angle BAC + \alpha)} \\ &= \frac{6 \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32}}{\frac{\sqrt{14}}{4}} \\ &= \frac{21}{4}. \end{aligned}

直线 CFCF 是两圆的根轴,所以 GAGD=GBGEGA \cdot GD = GB \cdot GE。设 x=BDx = BD,则 BE=x+DE=x+42BE = x + DE = x + 4\sqrt{2}: 因为 GD=4+x214GD = 4 + x - \frac{21}{4},且 GB=2144GB = \frac{21}{4} - 4。这给出 16(x54)=20216\left(x - \frac{5}{4}\right) = 20\sqrt{2},所以 x=5+524x = \frac{5 + 5\sqrt{2}}{4},并且 BE=5+2124BE = \frac{5 + 21\sqrt{2}}{4}。因此 a+b+c+d=5+21+2+4a + b + c + d = 5 + 21 + 2 + 4 =32= 32214(x54)=54(x54+42), \begin{aligned} &\frac{21}{4}\left(x - \frac{5}{4}\right) \\ &= \frac{5}{4}\left(x - \frac{5}{4} + 4\sqrt{2}\right), \end{aligned}

Points D,ED, E lie beyond BB on ray AB,AB, and FF lies on the opposite side of line ABAB from C.C. Since ACFDACFD and BCFEBCFE are cyclic, the inscribed angles give FDA=FCA\angle FDA = \angle FCA and FEB=FCB.\angle FEB = \angle FCB. Writing α=FCA\alpha = \angle FCA and β=FCB,\beta = \angle FCB, triangle DEFDEF has angles FDE=180α\angle FDE = 180^\circ - \alpha and FED=β,\angle FED = \beta, so DFE=αβ=ACB.\angle DFE = \alpha - \beta = \angle ACB. From triangle ABC,ABC, cosACB=25+3616256=34,\cos \angle ACB = \frac{25 + 36 - 16}{2 \cdot 5 \cdot 6} = \frac{3}{4}, so the law of cosines in triangle DFEDFE gives DE2=22+7222734=32,DE=42. \begin{aligned} DE^2 &= 2^2 + 7^2 - 2 \cdot 2 \cdot 7 \cdot \tfrac{3}{4} \\ &= 32, \\ DE &= 4\sqrt{2}. \end{aligned}

In triangle DFE,DFE, cosFDE=4+32492242=13232,\cos \angle FDE = \frac{4 + 32 - 49}{2 \cdot 2 \cdot 4\sqrt{2}} = -\frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32}, so α\alpha is acute with cosα=13232\cos\alpha = \frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32} and sinα=13381024=71432.\sin\alpha = \sqrt{1 - \frac{338}{1024}} = \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32}. Let GG be the intersection of line CFCF with line AB.AB. In triangle ACG,ACG, GAC=BAC\angle GAC = \angle BAC has cosBAC=16+3625246=916,\cos \angle BAC = \frac{16 + 36 - 25}{2 \cdot 4 \cdot 6} = \frac{9}{16}, sinBAC=5716,\sin \angle BAC = \frac{5\sqrt{7}}{16}, and ACG=α,\angle ACG = \alpha, so sin(BAC+α)\sin(\angle BAC + \alpha) =571613232= \frac{5\sqrt{7}}{16} \cdot \frac{13\sqrt{2}}{32} +91671432+ \frac{9}{16} \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32} =144= \frac{\sqrt{14}}{4} and AG=ACsinαsin(BAC+α)=671432144=214. \begin{aligned} AG &= \frac{AC \sin \alpha}{\sin(\angle BAC + \alpha)} \\ &= \frac{6 \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{14}}{32}}{\frac{\sqrt{14}}{4}} \\ &= \frac{21}{4}. \end{aligned}

Line CFCF is the radical axis of the two circles, so GAGD=GBGE.GA \cdot GD = GB \cdot GE. With x=BDx = BD and BE=x+DE=x+42:BE = x + DE = x + 4\sqrt{2}: 214(x54)=54(x54+42), \begin{aligned} &\frac{21}{4}\left(x - \frac{5}{4}\right) \\ &= \frac{5}{4}\left(x - \frac{5}{4} + 4\sqrt{2}\right), \end{aligned} since GD=4+x214GD = 4 + x - \frac{21}{4} and GB=2144.GB = \frac{21}{4} - 4. This gives 16(x54)=202,16\left(x - \frac{5}{4}\right) = 20\sqrt{2}, so x=5+524x = \frac{5 + 5\sqrt{2}}{4} and BE=5+2124.BE = \frac{5 + 21\sqrt{2}}{4}. Therefore a+b+c+d=5+21+2+4a + b + c + d = 5 + 21 + 2 + 4 =32.= 32.

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