2015 AIME II 第 7 题

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7.

三角形 ABCABC 的边长为 AB=12AB = 12BC=25BC = 25CA=17CA = 17。长方形 PQRSPQRS 的顶点 PPAB\overline{AB} 上,顶点 QQAC\overline{AC} 上,顶点 RRSSBC\overline{BC} 上。用边长 PQ=wPQ = w 表示时,PQRSPQRS 的面积可写成二次多项式 Area(PQRS)=αwβw2.\text{Area}(PQRS) = \alpha w - \beta \cdot w^2. 其中系数 β=mn\beta = \frac{m}{n}mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n

Triangle ABCABC has side lengths AB=12,AB = 12, BC=25,BC = 25, and CA=17.CA = 17. Rectangle PQRSPQRS has vertex PP on AB,\overline{AB}, vertex QQ on AC,\overline{AC}, and vertices RR and SS on BC.\overline{BC}. In terms of the side length PQ=w,PQ = w, the area of PQRSPQRS can be expressed as the quadratic polynomial Area(PQRS)=αwβw2.\text{Area}(PQRS) = \alpha w - \beta \cdot w^2. Then the coefficient β=mn,\beta = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:161
知识点:相似海伦公式面积
难度评级:2470
解答:

由海伦公式,半周长 s=27s = 27,所以 ABCABC 的面积为 2721015=8100=90\sqrt{27 \cdot 2 \cdot 10 \cdot 15} = \sqrt{8100} = 90,因此从 AABC\overline{BC} 的高为 h=29025=365h = \frac{2 \cdot 90}{25} = \frac{36}{5}

因为 PQBC\overline{PQ} \parallel \overline{BC},三角形 APQAPQABCABC 相似,相似比为 w25\frac{w}{25},所以从 AA 到直线 PQPQ 的距离为 w25h\frac{w}{25}h,长方形的高为 PS=hw25hPS = h - \frac{w}{25}h。面积为 wh(1w25)=365w36125w2. \begin{aligned} &w \cdot h\left(1 - \frac{w}{25}\right) \\ &= \frac{36}{5}\,w - \frac{36}{125}\,w^2. \end{aligned}

因此 β=36125\beta = \frac{36}{125},所以 m+n=36+125=161m + n = 36 + 125 = 161

By Heron's formula with s=27,s = 27, the area of ABCABC is 2721015=8100=90,\sqrt{27 \cdot 2 \cdot 10 \cdot 15} = \sqrt{8100} = 90, so the altitude from AA to BC\overline{BC} has length h=29025=365.h = \frac{2 \cdot 90}{25} = \frac{36}{5}.

Since PQBC,\overline{PQ} \parallel \overline{BC}, triangle APQAPQ is similar to ABCABC with ratio w25,\frac{w}{25}, so the distance from AA down to line PQPQ is w25h,\frac{w}{25}h, and the rectangle's height is PS=hw25h.PS = h - \frac{w}{25}h. The area is wh(1w25)=365w36125w2. \begin{aligned} &w \cdot h\left(1 - \frac{w}{25}\right) \\ &= \frac{36}{5}\,w - \frac{36}{125}\,w^2. \end{aligned}

Thus β=36125,\beta = \frac{36}{125}, and m+n=36+125=161.m + n = 36 + 125 = 161.

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