2001 AIME II 第 7 题

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7.

PQR\triangle PQR 是直角三角形,且 PQ=90PQ = 90PR=120PR = 120QR=150QR = 150。令 C1C_1 为其内切圆。作 ST\overline{ST},其中 SSPR\overline{PR} 上、TTQR\overline{QR} 上,使得 ST\overline{ST} 垂直于 PR\overline{PR} 并与 C1C_1 相切。作 UV\overline{UV},其中 UUPQ\overline{PQ} 上、VVQR\overline{QR} 上,使得 UV\overline{UV} 垂直于 PQ\overline{PQ} 并与 C1C_1 相切。令 C2C_2RST\triangle RST 的内切圆,C3C_3QUV\triangle QUV 的内切圆。C2C_2C3C_3 的圆心距离可写为 10n\sqrt{10n}。求 nn

Let PQR\triangle PQR be a right triangle with PQ=90,PQ = 90, PR=120,PR = 120, and QR=150.QR = 150. Let C1C_1 be the inscribed circle. Construct ST,\overline{ST}, with SS on PR\overline{PR} and TT on QR,\overline{QR}, such that ST\overline{ST} is perpendicular to PR\overline{PR} and tangent to C1.C_1. Construct UV\overline{UV} with UU on PQ\overline{PQ} and VV on QR\overline{QR} such that UV\overline{UV} is perpendicular to PQ\overline{PQ} and tangent to C1.C_1. Let C2C_2 be the inscribed circle of RST\triangle RST and C3C_3 the inscribed circle of QUV.\triangle QUV. The distance between the centers of C2C_2 and C3C_3 can be written as 10n.\sqrt{10n}. What is n?n?

答案:725
知识点:内切圆、内心与内切圆半径直角三角形相似距离公式
难度评级:2560
解答:

直角在 PP,所以令 P=(0,0)P = (0, 0)Q=(0,90)Q = (0, 90)R=(120,0)R = (120, 0)。直角三角形的内切圆半径等于两直角边之和减去斜边的一半:r1=90+1201502=30r_1 = \frac{90 + 120 - 150}{2} = 30,所以 C1C_1 的圆心为 (30,30)(30, 30)。在 C1C_1 靠近 RR 的一侧,垂直于 PR\overline{PR} 的切线为 x=60x = 60;在靠近 QQ 的一侧,垂直于 PQ\overline{PQ} 的切线为 y=60y = 60

三角形 RSTRST 与三角形 RPQRPQ 相似,比例为 RSRP=60120=12\frac{RS}{RP} = \frac{60}{120} = \frac{1}{2},所以其内切圆半径为 1515,内切圆 C2C_2 的圆心为 (60+15,15)=(75,15)(60 + 15, 15) = (75, 15)。三角形 QUVQUV 与三角形 QPRQPR 相似,比例为 QUQP=3090=13\frac{QU}{QP} = \frac{30}{90} = \frac{1}{3},所以其内切圆半径为 1010C3C_3 的圆心为 (10,60+10)=(10,70)(10, 60 + 10) = (10, 70)

两圆心距离的平方为 652+55265^2 + 55^2 =4225+3025= 4225 + 3025 =7250= 7250 =10725= 10 \cdot 725, 所以 n=725n = 725

The right angle is at P,P, so place P=(0,0),P = (0, 0), Q=(0,90),Q = (0, 90), R=(120,0).R = (120, 0). The inradius of a right triangle is half the sum of the legs minus the hypotenuse: r1=90+1201502=30,r_1 = \frac{90 + 120 - 150}{2} = 30, so C1C_1 has center (30,30).(30, 30). The tangent line to C1C_1 perpendicular to PR\overline{PR} (on the side toward RR) is x=60,x = 60, and the tangent perpendicular to PQ\overline{PQ} (toward QQ) is y=60.y = 60.

Triangle RSTRST is similar to triangle RPQRPQ with ratio RSRP=60120=12,\frac{RS}{RP} = \frac{60}{120} = \frac{1}{2}, so its inradius is 1515 and its incircle C2C_2 is centered at (60+15,15)=(75,15).(60 + 15, 15) = (75, 15). Triangle QUVQUV is similar to triangle QPRQPR with ratio QUQP=3090=13,\frac{QU}{QP} = \frac{30}{90} = \frac{1}{3}, so its inradius is 1010 and C3C_3 is centered at (10,60+10)=(10,70).(10, 60 + 10) = (10, 70).

The squared distance is 652+55265^2 + 55^2 =4225+3025= 4225 + 3025 =7250= 7250 =10725,= 10 \cdot 725, so n=725.n = 725.

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