2001 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

三角形 ABCABC 满足 AB=21AB = 21AC=22AC = 22BC=20BC = 20。点 DDEE 分别在 AB\overline{AB}AC\overline{AC} 上,DE\overline{DE} 平行于 BC\overline{BC},且经过三角形 ABCABC 的内心。若 DE=mnDE = \frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数,求 m+nm + n

Triangle ABCABC has AB=21,AB = 21, AC=22,AC = 22, and BC=20.BC = 20. Points DD and EE are located on AB\overline{AB} and AC,\overline{AC}, respectively, such that DE\overline{DE} is parallel to BC\overline{BC} and contains the center of the inscribed circle of triangle ABC.ABC. Then DE=mn,DE = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:923
知识点:相似内切圆、内心与内切圆半径
难度评级:2390
解答:

因为 DEBC\overline{DE} \parallel \overline{BC},三角形 ADEADEABCABC 相似,相似比等于从 AA 作出的两条高之比。直线 DEDE 经过内心,而内心到 BCBC 的距离是内切圆半径 rr,所以相似比为 hrh=1rh\frac{h - r}{h} = 1 - \frac{r}{h},其中 hh 是从 AABC\overline{BC} 的高。

KK 为面积,s=21+22+202=632s = \frac{21 + 22 + 20}{2} = \frac{63}{2} 为半周长,则 r=Ksr = \frac{K}{s},且 h=2K20h = \frac{2K}{20},因此 rh=202s=2063.\frac{r}{h} = \frac{20}{2s} = \frac{20}{63}.

因此 DE=20(12063)DE = 20\left(1 - \frac{20}{63}\right) =204363= 20 \cdot \frac{43}{63} =86063= \frac{860}{63},该分数已最简,所以 m+n=860+63=923m + n = 860 + 63 = 923

Since DEBC,\overline{DE} \parallel \overline{BC}, triangles ADEADE and ABCABC are similar, and the ratio equals the ratio of their heights from A.A. The line DEDE passes through the incenter, which sits at height rr (the inradius) above BC,BC, so the ratio is hrh=1rh,\frac{h - r}{h} = 1 - \frac{r}{h}, where hh is the height from AA to BC.\overline{BC}.

If KK is the area and s=21+22+202=632s = \frac{21 + 22 + 20}{2} = \frac{63}{2} the semiperimeter, then r=Ksr = \frac{K}{s} and h=2K20,h = \frac{2K}{20}, so rh=202s=2063.\frac{r}{h} = \frac{20}{2s} = \frac{20}{63}.

Therefore DE=20(12063)DE = 20\left(1 - \frac{20}{63}\right) =204363= 20 \cdot \frac{43}{63} =86063,= \frac{860}{63}, which is in lowest terms, and m+n=860+63=923.m + n = 860 + 63 = 923.

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