1998 AIME 第 7 题

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7.

nn 为满足 x1+x2+x3+x4=98x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 = 98 的正奇整数有序四元组 (x1,x2,x3,x4)(x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4) 的个数。求 n100\frac{n}{100}

Let nn be the number of ordered quadruples (x1,x2,x3,x4)(x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4) of positive odd integers that satisfy x1+x2+x3+x4=98.x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 = 98. Find n100.\frac{n}{100}.

答案:196
知识点:隔板法换元法奇偶性
难度评级:2010
解答:

xi=2yi1x_i = 2y_i - 1,其中每个 yiy_i 都是正整数。于是 x1+x2+x3+x4=98x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 = 98 变为 2(y1+y2+y3+y4)4=982(y_1 + y_2 + y_3 + y_4) - 4 = 98,所以 y1+y2+y3+y4=51y_1 + y_2 + y_3 + y_4 = 51

由插板法,正整数解的个数为 (503)=19600\binom{50}{3} = 19600。因此 n100=196\frac{n}{100} = 196

Write xi=2yi1x_i = 2y_i - 1 where each yiy_i is a positive integer. Then x1+x2+x3+x4=98x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 = 98 becomes 2(y1+y2+y3+y4)4=98,2(y_1 + y_2 + y_3 + y_4) - 4 = 98, so y1+y2+y3+y4=51.y_1 + y_2 + y_3 + y_4 = 51.

By stars and bars, the number of solutions in positive integers is (503)=19600.\binom{50}{3} = 19600. Therefore n100=196.\frac{n}{100} = 196.

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