2023 AIME I 第 4 题

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4.

对所有使 13!m\frac{13!}{m} 为完全平方数的正整数 mm 求和,所得结果可写成 2a3b5c7d11e13f2^a 3^b 5^c 7^d 11^e 13^f,其中 aabbccddeeff 都是正整数。求 a+b+c+d+e+fa + b + c + d + e + f

The sum of all positive integers mm such that 13!m\frac{13!}{m} is a perfect square can be written as 2a3b5c7d11e13f,2^a 3^b 5^c 7^d 11^e 13^f, where a,a, b,b, c,c, d,d, e,e, and ff are positive integers. Find a+b+c+d+e+f.a + b + c + d + e + f.

答案:12
知识点:质因数分解完全平方数阶乘
难度评级:2330
解答:

因为 13!=21035527111313! = 2^{10} \cdot 3^5 \cdot 5^2 \cdot 7 \cdot 11 \cdot 13,合法的 m=2x3y5z7w11u13vm = 2^x 3^y 5^z 7^w 11^u 13^v 必须使 13!m\frac{13!}{m} 中每个质因数的指数为偶数: x{0,2,4,6,8,10}x \in \{0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10\}y{1,3,5}y \in \{1, 3, 5\}z{0,2}z \in \{0, 2\},且 w=u=v=1w = u = v = 1

这些选择彼此独立,所以所有这样的 mm 之和分解为 因为 1365=357131365 = 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 \cdot 13273=3713273 = 3 \cdot 7 \cdot 1326=21326 = 2 \cdot 13,且 1001=711131001 = 7 \cdot 11 \cdot 13,所以该和等于 213251731111342^1 3^2 5^1 7^3 11^1 13^4,从而 a+b+c+d+e+fa + b + c + d + e + f =1+2+1+3+1+4= 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 4 =12= 12(1+4++1024)(3+27+243)(1+25)71113=1365273261001. \begin{aligned} &(1 + 4 + \cdots + 1024) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (3 + 27 + 243) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (1 + 25) \cdot 7 \cdot 11 \cdot 13 \\ &= 1365 \cdot 273 \cdot 26 \cdot 1001. \end{aligned}

Since 13!=210355271113,13! = 2^{10} \cdot 3^5 \cdot 5^2 \cdot 7 \cdot 11 \cdot 13, a valid m=2x3y5z7w11u13vm = 2^x 3^y 5^z 7^w 11^u 13^v must leave every exponent of 13!m\frac{13!}{m} even: x{0,2,4,6,8,10},x \in \{0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10\}, y{1,3,5},y \in \{1, 3, 5\}, z{0,2},z \in \{0, 2\}, and w=u=v=1.w = u = v = 1.

The choices are independent, so the sum of all such mm factors as (1+4++1024)(3+27+243)(1+25)71113=1365273261001. \begin{aligned} &(1 + 4 + \cdots + 1024) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (3 + 27 + 243) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (1 + 25) \cdot 7 \cdot 11 \cdot 13 \\ &= 1365 \cdot 273 \cdot 26 \cdot 1001. \end{aligned} Since 1365=35713,1365 = 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 \cdot 13, 273=3713,273 = 3 \cdot 7 \cdot 13, 26=213,26 = 2 \cdot 13, and 1001=71113,1001 = 7 \cdot 11 \cdot 13, the sum equals 21325173111134,2^1 3^2 5^1 7^3 11^1 13^4, and a+b+c+d+e+fa + b + c + d + e + f =1+2+1+3+1+4= 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 4 =12.= 12.

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