2017 AIME I 第 2 题

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2.

702702787787, 和 855855 分别除以正整数 mm 时,余数总是同一个正整数 rr。 将 412412722722, 和 815815 分别除以正整数 nn 时,余数总是同一个正整数 srs \neq r。求 m+n+r+sm + n + r + s

When each of 702,702, 787,787, and 855855 is divided by the positive integer m,m, the remainder is always the positive integer r.r. When each of 412,412, 722,722, and 815815 is divided by the positive integer n,n, the remainder is always the positive integer sr.s \neq r. Find m+n+r+s.m + n + r + s.

答案:62
知识点:最大公约数模运算整除性
难度评级:2070
解答:

除以 mm 余数相同的两个数之差是 mm 的倍数,所以 mm 同时整除 787702=85787 - 702 = 85855787=68855 - 787 = 68。因为 gcd(85,68)=17\gcd(85, 68) = 17,且 mm 必须大于正余数 rr,所以 m=17m = 17,并且 r=7024117=5r = 702 - 41 \cdot 17 = 5

同理,nn 同时整除 722412=310722 - 412 = 310815722=93815 - 722 = 93,且 gcd(310,93)=31\gcd(310, 93) = 31,所以 n=31n = 31,并且 s=4121331=9s = 412 - 13 \cdot 31 = 9,它确实不同于 rr

所求和为 17+31+5+9=6217 + 31 + 5 + 9 = 62

Numbers leaving equal remainders upon division by mm differ by multiples of m,m, so mm divides both 787702=85787 - 702 = 85 and 855787=68.855 - 787 = 68. Since gcd(85,68)=17\gcd(85, 68) = 17 and mm must exceed the positive remainder r,r, we get m=17,m = 17, and r=7024117=5.r = 702 - 41 \cdot 17 = 5.

Similarly nn divides both 722412=310722 - 412 = 310 and 815722=93,815 - 722 = 93, and gcd(310,93)=31,\gcd(310, 93) = 31, so n=31n = 31 and s=4121331=9,s = 412 - 13 \cdot 31 = 9, which indeed differs from r.r.

The requested sum is 17+31+5+9=62.17 + 31 + 5 + 9 = 62.

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