2000 AIME II 第 2 题

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2.

坐标都是整数的点称为格点。双曲线 x2−y2=20002x^2 - y^2 = 2000^2 上有多少个格点?

A point whose coordinates are both integers is called a lattice point. How many lattice points lie on the hyperbola x2−y2=20002?x^2 - y^2 = 2000^2?

答案:98
知识点:平方差因数个数奇偶性格点
难度评级:2110
小提示:

分解 x2−y2=(x−y)(x+y)x^2 - y^2 = (x - y)(x + y),并注意这两个因子奇偶性相同。

Factor x2−y2=(x−y)(x+y)x^2 - y^2 = (x - y)(x + y) and note the two factors have the same parity

大提示:

令 x−y=2ax - y = 2a、x+y=2bx + y = 2b,其中 ab=106ab = 10^6;数有序因子对,并记得 xx 也可以为负。

Write x−y=2ax - y = 2a and x+y=2bx + y = 2b with ab=106;ab = 10^6; count ordered pairs, and remember negative values of xx

解答:

分解得 (x−y)(x+y)=20002(x - y)(x + y) = 2000^2 =28⋅56= 2^8 \cdot 5^6。两个因子 x−yx - y 和 x+yx + y 奇偶性相同,且乘积为偶数,所以二者都必须是偶数。令 x−y=2ax - y = 2a、x+y=2bx + y = 2b,得到 ab=26⋅56=106ab = 2^6 \cdot 5^6 = 10^6。

每个满足 ab=106ab = 10^6 的正整数有序对 (a,b)(a, b) 恰好给出一个解 x=a+bx = a + b、y=b−ay = b - a,且 x>0x \gt 0。数 10610^6 有 7⋅7=497 \cdot 7 = 49 个正因子,因而有 4949 个这样的有序对。把 (a,b)(a, b) 换成 (−a,−b)(-a, -b) 给出 4949 个 x<0x \lt 0 的解;而 x=0x = 0 不可能,因为此时 −y2<20002-y^2 \lt 2000^2。

格点总数为 49+49=9849 + 49 = 98。

Factor (x−y)(x+y)=20002(x - y)(x + y) = 2000^2 =28⋅56.= 2^8 \cdot 5^6. The factors x−yx - y and x+yx + y have the same parity, and their product is even, so both must be even. Writing x−y=2ax - y = 2a and x+y=2bx + y = 2b gives ab=26⋅56=106.ab = 2^6 \cdot 5^6 = 10^6.

Each ordered pair of positive integers (a,b)(a, b) with ab=106ab = 10^6 yields exactly one solution x=a+b,x = a + b, y=b−ay = b - a with x>0,x \gt 0, and 10610^6 has 7⋅7=497 \cdot 7 = 49 divisors, hence 4949 such pairs. Replacing (a,b)(a, b) by (−a,−b)(-a, -b) gives the 4949 solutions with x<0,x \lt 0, and x=0x = 0 is impossible since −y2<20002.-y^2 \lt 2000^2.

In total there are 49+49=9849 + 49 = 98 lattice points.

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