2018 AIME I 第 2 题

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2.

数 nn 在 1414 进制中可写为 a‾ b‾ c‾\underline{a}\,\underline{b}\,\underline{c},在 1515 进制中可写为 a‾ c‾ b‾\underline{a}\,\underline{c}\,\underline{b},在 66 进制中可写为 a‾ c‾ a‾ c‾\underline{a}\,\underline{c}\,\underline{a}\,\underline{c},其中 a>0a \gt 0。求 nn 的 1010 进制表示。

The number nn can be written in base 1414 as a‾ b‾ c‾,\underline{a}\,\underline{b}\,\underline{c}, can be written in base 1515 as a‾ c‾ b‾,\underline{a}\,\underline{c}\,\underline{b}, and can be written in base 66 as a‾ c‾ a‾ c‾,\underline{a}\,\underline{c}\,\underline{a}\,\underline{c}, where a>0.a \gt 0. Find the base-1010 representation of n.n.

答案:925
知识点:进制位值丢番图方程
难度评级:2180
小提示:

三种表示给出 196a+14b+c=225a+15c+b196a + 14b + c = 225a + 15c + b =222a+37c= 222a + 37c。

The three representations give 196a+14b+c=225a+15c+b196a + 14b + c = 225a + 15c + b =222a+37c= 222a + 37c

大提示:

比较后两个式子得到 b=22c−3ab = 22c - 3a;代入第一个式子会迫使 a=4ca = 4c,其中 aa 与 cc 是 66 进制数字

Comparing the last two gives b=22c−3a;b = 22c - 3a; substituting into the first forces a=4c,a = 4c, where aa and cc are base-66 digits

解答:

写出各位值,得 n=196a+14b+cn = 196a + 14b + c =225a+15c+b= 225a + 15c + b =222a+37c= 222a + 37c,其中 aa 与 cc 是 66 进制数字,满足 1≤a≤51 \le a \le 5、0≤c≤50 \le c \le 5,并且 0≤b≤130 \le b \le 13。

令后两个表达式相等,得 b=22c−3ab = 22c - 3a。把它代入 196a+14b+c=225a+15c+b196a + 14b + c = 225a + 15c + b(即 13b=29a+14c13b = 29a + 14c),得到 13(22c−3a)=29a+14c13(22c - 3a) = 29a + 14c,所以 272c=68a272c = 68a,即 a=4ca = 4c。数字范围迫使 c=1c = 1、a=4a = 4,于是 b=22−12=10b = 22 - 12 = 10,这是 1414 进制与 1515 进制中的有效数字。

因此 n=222⋅4+37⋅1=925n = 222 \cdot 4 + 37 \cdot 1 = 925。确实 925=196⋅4+14⋅10+1925 = 196 \cdot 4 + 14 \cdot 10 + 1 与 1414 进制表示相符。答案为 925925。

Writing out the place values, n=196a+14b+cn = 196a + 14b + c =225a+15c+b= 225a + 15c + b =222a+37c,= 222a + 37c, where aa and cc are base-66 digits with 1≤a≤51 \le a \le 5 and 0≤c≤5,0 \le c \le 5, and 0≤b≤13.0 \le b \le 13.

Equating the last two expressions gives b=22c−3a.b = 22c - 3a. Substituting into 196a+14b+c=225a+15c+b196a + 14b + c = 225a + 15c + b (which says 13b=29a+14c13b = 29a + 14c) yields 13(22c−3a)=29a+14c,13(22c - 3a) = 29a + 14c, so 272c=68a,272c = 68a, that is a=4c.a = 4c. The digit bounds force c=1,c = 1, a=4,a = 4, and then b=22−12=10,b = 22 - 12 = 10, which is a valid digit in bases 1414 and 15.15.

Therefore n=222⋅4+37⋅1=925.n = 222 \cdot 4 + 37 \cdot 1 = 925. Indeed 925=196⋅4+14⋅10+1,925 = 196 \cdot 4 + 14 \cdot 10 + 1, confirming the base-1414 form. The answer is 925.925.

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