1987 AIME 第 2 题

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2.

一个点在以 (2,10,5)(-2,-10,5) 为球心、半径为 1919 的球面上,另一个点在以 (12,8,16)(12,8,-16) 为球心、半径为 8787 的球面上。两点间距离的最大可能值是多少?

What is the largest possible distance between two points, one on the sphere of radius 1919 centered at (2,10,5)(-2,-10,5) and the other on the sphere of radius 8787 centered at (12,8,16)?(12,8,-16)?

答案:137
知识点:距离公式三角不等式
难度评级:1340
小提示:

先求两个球心之间的距离

First find the distance between the two centers

大提示:

最大值在两点分别位于球心连线向外延伸的两侧时取得

The maximum occurs along the line of centers, on the two outward sides

解答:

两球心间距离的平方为 142+182+(21)2=96114^2+18^2+(-21)^2=961,所以两球心相距 961=31\sqrt{961}=31。由三角不等式,两点间的最大距离在球心连线上取得,等于 19+31+87=13719+31+87=137

The squared distance between the centers is 142+182+(21)2=961,14^2+18^2+(-21)^2=961, so they are 961=31\sqrt{961}=31 apart. By the triangle inequality, the greatest point-to-point distance is obtained on the line of centers and equals 19+31+87=137.19+31+87=137.

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