2011 AIME II 第 13 题

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13.

PP 在正方形 ABCDABCD 的对角线 ACAC 上,且 AP>CPAP \gt CP。令 O1O_1O2O_2 分别为三角形 ABPABPCDPCDP 的外心。已知 AB=12AB = 12O1PO2=120\angle O_1PO_2 = 120^\circ,则 AP=a+bAP = \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b},其中 aabb 是正整数。求 a+ba + b

Point PP lies on the diagonal ACAC of square ABCDABCD with AP>CP.AP \gt CP. Let O1O_1 and O2O_2 be the circumcenters of triangles ABPABP and CDP,CDP, respectively. Given that AB=12AB = 12 and O1PO2=120,\angle O_1PO_2 = 120^\circ, then AP=a+b,AP = \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b}, where aa and bb are positive integers. Find a+b.a + b.

答案:96
知识点:外接圆、外心与外接圆半径坐标几何向量
难度评级:3160
解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0, 0)B=(12,0)B = (12, 0)C=(12,12)C = (12, 12)D=(0,12)D = (0, 12),并令 P=(p,p)P = (p, p),其中 p>6p \gt 6。因为 O1O_1AABB 距离相等,它在 x=6x = 6 上;设 O1=(6,k)O_1 = (6, k),令 O1A2=O1P2O_1A^2 = O_1P^2,得到 k=p6k = p - 6,所以 O1=(6,p6)O_1 = (6,\, p - 6)。同理,到 CCDD 等距的 O2O_2O2=(6,p+6)O_2 = (6,\, p + 6)

PP 指向两个圆心的向量为 (6p,6)(6 - p,\, -6)(6p,6)(6 - p,\, 6),所以 cos120=(6p)236(6p)2+36=12, \begin{aligned} \cos 120^\circ &= \frac{(6 - p)^2 - 36}{(6 - p)^2 + 36} \\ &= -\frac{1}{2}, \end{aligned} 由此 3(p6)2=363(p - 6)^2 = 36,所以 (p6)2=12(p - 6)^2 = 12,且 p=6+23p = 6 + 2\sqrt{3}

因而 AP=p2=62+26=AP = p\sqrt{2} = 6\sqrt{2} + 2\sqrt{6} = 72+24\sqrt{72} + \sqrt{24},所以 a+b=72+24=96a + b = 72 + 24 = 96

Place A=(0,0),A = (0, 0), B=(12,0),B = (12, 0), C=(12,12),C = (12, 12), D=(0,12),D = (0, 12), and P=(p,p)P = (p, p) with p>6.p \gt 6. Since O1O_1 is equidistant from AA and B,B, it lies on x=6;x = 6; setting O1=(6,k)O_1 = (6, k) and equating O1A2=O1P2O_1A^2 = O_1P^2 gives k=p6,k = p - 6, so O1=(6,p6).O_1 = (6,\, p - 6). Similarly O2,O_2, equidistant from CC and D,D, is O2=(6,p+6).O_2 = (6,\, p + 6).

The vectors from PP to the centers are (6p,6)(6 - p,\, -6) and (6p,6),(6 - p,\, 6), so cos120=(6p)236(6p)2+36=12, \begin{aligned} \cos 120^\circ &= \frac{(6 - p)^2 - 36}{(6 - p)^2 + 36} \\ &= -\frac{1}{2}, \end{aligned} which gives 3(p6)2=36,3(p - 6)^2 = 36, so (p6)2=12(p - 6)^2 = 12 and p=6+23.p = 6 + 2\sqrt{3}.

Then AP=p2=62+26=AP = p\sqrt{2} = 6\sqrt{2} + 2\sqrt{6} = 72+24,\sqrt{72} + \sqrt{24}, so a+b=72+24=96.a + b = 72 + 24 = 96.

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