2011 AIME I 第 2 题

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2.

在长方形 ABCDABCD 中,AB=12AB = 12BC=10BC = 10。点 EEFF 在长方形 ABCDABCD 内部,使得 BE=9BE = 9DF=8DF = 8BEDF\overline{BE} \parallel \overline{DF}EFAB\overline{EF} \parallel \overline{AB},且直线 BEBE 与线段 AD\overline{AD} 相交。长度 EFEF 可表示为 mnpm\sqrt{n} - p 的形式,其中 mmnnpp 是正整数,且 nn 不被任何素数的平方整除。求 m+n+pm + n + p

In rectangle ABCD,ABCD, AB=12AB = 12 and BC=10.BC = 10. Points EE and FF lie inside rectangle ABCDABCD so that BE=9,BE = 9, DF=8,DF = 8, BEDF,\overline{BE} \parallel \overline{DF}, EFAB,\overline{EF} \parallel \overline{AB}, and line BEBE intersects segment AD.\overline{AD}. The length EFEF can be expressed in the form mnp,m\sqrt{n} - p, where m,m, n,n, and pp are positive integers and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:36
知识点:坐标几何向量勾股定理
难度评级:2390
解答:

取坐标 D=(0,0)D = (0, 0)C=(12,0)C = (12, 0)B=(12,10)B = (12, 10)A=(0,10)A = (0, 10)。因为 BEDF\overline{BE} \parallel \overline{DF},存在一个单位向量 (u,v)(u, v),其中 u,v>0u, v \gt 0,使得 E=B9(u,v)E = B - 9(u, v)F=D+8(u,v)F = D + 8(u, v):直线 BEBE 向左下方延伸, 才能穿过 AD\overline{AD},而 DF\overline{DF} 向右上方指向长方形内部。

因为 EFAB\overline{EF} \parallel \overline{AB} 是水平的,EEFF 的高度相等: 109v=8v10 - 9v = 8v,所以 v=1017v = \frac{10}{17},并且 u=1v2=32117u = \sqrt{1 - v^2} = \frac{3\sqrt{21}}{17}

于是 EEFFxx-坐标分别为 129u12 - 9u8u8u,所以 EF=1217uEF = |12 - 17u| =12321= |12 - 3\sqrt{21}| =32112= 3\sqrt{21} - 12,因为 321>123\sqrt{21} \gt 12。因此 m+n+p=3+21+12=36m + n + p = 3 + 21 + 12 = 36

Place D=(0,0),D = (0, 0), C=(12,0),C = (12, 0), B=(12,10),B = (12, 10), A=(0,10).A = (0, 10). Since BEDF,\overline{BE} \parallel \overline{DF}, there is a unit vector (u,v)(u, v) with u,v>0u, v \gt 0 such that E=B9(u,v)E = B - 9(u, v) and F=D+8(u,v):F = D + 8(u, v): line BEBE heads down and to the left so that it can cross AD,\overline{AD}, while DF\overline{DF} points up and to the right into the rectangle.

Because EFAB\overline{EF} \parallel \overline{AB} is horizontal, EE and FF have equal heights: 109v=8v,10 - 9v = 8v, so v=1017v = \frac{10}{17} and u=1v2=32117.u = \sqrt{1 - v^2} = \frac{3\sqrt{21}}{17}.

Then EE and FF have xx-coordinates 129u12 - 9u and 8u,8u, so EF=1217uEF = |12 - 17u| =12321= |12 - 3\sqrt{21}| =32112,= 3\sqrt{21} - 12, since 321>12.3\sqrt{21} \gt 12. Thus m+n+p=3+21+12=36.m + n + p = 3 + 21 + 12 = 36.

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