2010 AIME II 第 15 题

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15.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AC=13AC = 13BC=14BC = 14,且 AB=15AB = 15。点 MMDDAC\overline{AC} 上,满足 AM=MCAM = MCABD=DBC\angle ABD = \angle DBC。点 NNEEAB\overline{AB} 上,满足 AN=NBAN = NBACE=ECB\angle ACE = \angle ECB。设 PPAMN\triangle AMNADE\triangle ADE 的外接圆的另一个交点。射线 APAPBC\overline{BC} 交于 QQ。比值 BQCQ\frac{BQ}{CQ} 可写成 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 mnm - n

In triangle ABC,ABC, AC=13,AC = 13, BC=14,BC = 14, and AB=15.AB = 15. Points MM and DD lie on AC\overline{AC} with AM=MCAM = MC and ABD=DBC.\angle ABD = \angle DBC. Points NN and EE lie on AB\overline{AB} with AN=NBAN = NB and ACE=ECB.\angle ACE = \angle ECB. Let PP be the other point of intersection of the circumcircles of AMN\triangle AMN and ADE.\triangle ADE. Ray APAP meets BC\overline{BC} at Q.Q. The ratio BQCQ\frac{BQ}{CQ} can be written in the form mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find mn.m - n.

答案:218
知识点:圆内接四边形角平分线定理正弦定理面积比
难度评级:3700
解答:

由角平分线定理,AE=132715AE = \frac{13}{27} \cdot 15,且 CD=142913CD = \frac{14}{29} \cdot 13, 所以 EE 位于 AN\overline{AN} 上,DD 位于 MC\overline{MC} 上,并且 NE=ANAE=152659=518,MD=CMCD=13218229=1358. \begin{aligned} NE &= AN - AE = \frac{15}{2} - \frac{65}{9} \\ &= \frac{5}{18}, \\ MD &= CM - CD = \frac{13}{2} - \frac{182}{29} \\ &= \frac{13}{58}. \end{aligned}

因为 AMPNAMPN 共圆,ENP=ANP\angle ENP = \angle ANP =180AMP= 180^\circ - \angle AMP =DMP= \angle DMP,又因为 AEPDAEPD 共圆,NEP=180AEP\angle NEP = 180^\circ - \angle AEP =ADP= \angle ADP =MDP= \angle MDP。 因此三角形 ENPENPDMPDMP 相似,所以 NPMP=NEMD\frac{NP}{MP} = \frac{NE}{MD}。在三角形 ANPANPAMPAMP 中使用正弦定理,并注意角 ANP\angle ANPAMP\angle AMP 互补, sinBAQsinCAQ=sinNAPsinMAP=NPMP=5/1813/58=145117. \begin{aligned} \frac{\sin\angle BAQ}{\sin\angle CAQ} &= \frac{\sin\angle NAP}{\sin\angle MAP} \\ &= \frac{NP}{MP} = \frac{5/18}{13/58} \\ &= \frac{145}{117}. \end{aligned}

比较三角形 ABQABQACQACQ 的面积,它们共用线段 AQ\overline{AQ}BQCQ=[ABQ][ACQ]=ABsinBAQACsinCAQ=1513145117=725507, \begin{aligned} \frac{BQ}{CQ} &= \frac{[ABQ]}{[ACQ]} \\ &= \frac{AB \sin\angle BAQ}{AC \sin\angle CAQ} \\ &= \frac{15}{13} \cdot \frac{145}{117} = \frac{725}{507}, \end{aligned} 该分数已为最简形式,因为 507=3132507 = 3 \cdot 13^2,而 725=5229725 = 5^2 \cdot 29。因此 mn=725507=218m - n = 725 - 507 = 218

By the angle bisector theorem, AE=132715AE = \frac{13}{27} \cdot 15 and CD=142913,CD = \frac{14}{29} \cdot 13, so EE lies on AN\overline{AN} and DD lies on MC,\overline{MC}, with NE=ANAE=152659=518,MD=CMCD=13218229=1358. \begin{aligned} NE &= AN - AE = \frac{15}{2} - \frac{65}{9} \\ &= \frac{5}{18}, \\ MD &= CM - CD = \frac{13}{2} - \frac{182}{29} \\ &= \frac{13}{58}. \end{aligned}

Since AMPNAMPN is cyclic, ENP=ANP\angle ENP = \angle ANP =180AMP= 180^\circ - \angle AMP =DMP,= \angle DMP, and since AEPDAEPD is cyclic, NEP=180AEP\angle NEP = 180^\circ - \angle AEP =ADP= \angle ADP =MDP.= \angle MDP. Hence triangles ENPENP and DMPDMP are similar, so NPMP=NEMD.\frac{NP}{MP} = \frac{NE}{MD}. By the law of sines in triangles ANPANP and AMP,AMP, whose angles ANP\angle ANP and AMP\angle AMP are supplementary, sinBAQsinCAQ=sinNAPsinMAP=NPMP=5/1813/58=145117. \begin{aligned} \frac{\sin\angle BAQ}{\sin\angle CAQ} &= \frac{\sin\angle NAP}{\sin\angle MAP} \\ &= \frac{NP}{MP} = \frac{5/18}{13/58} \\ &= \frac{145}{117}. \end{aligned}

Comparing the areas of triangles ABQABQ and ACQ,ACQ, which share the cevian AQ,\overline{AQ}, BQCQ=[ABQ][ACQ]=ABsinBAQACsinCAQ=1513145117=725507, \begin{aligned} \frac{BQ}{CQ} &= \frac{[ABQ]}{[ACQ]} \\ &= \frac{AB \sin\angle BAQ}{AC \sin\angle CAQ} \\ &= \frac{15}{13} \cdot \frac{145}{117} = \frac{725}{507}, \end{aligned} which is in lowest terms since 507=3132507 = 3 \cdot 13^2 and 725=5229.725 = 5^2 \cdot 29. Thus mn=725507=218.m - n = 725 - 507 = 218.

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