2005 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

在四边形 ABCDABCD 中,BC=8BC = 8CD=12CD = 12AD=10AD = 10, 且 mA=mB=60m\angle A = m\angle B = 60^\circ。 已知 AB=p+qAB = p + \sqrt{q}, 其中 ppqq 是正整数,求 p+qp + q

In quadrilateral ABCD,ABCD, BC=8,BC = 8, CD=12,CD = 12, AD=10,AD = 10, and mA=mB=60.m\angle A = m\angle B = 60^\circ. Given that AB=p+q,AB = p + \sqrt{q}, where pp and qq are positive integers, find p+q.p + q.

答案:150
知识点:余弦定理等边三角形
难度评级:2450
解答:

延长射线 ADADBCBC,直到它们交于 PP。三角形 ABPABPAABB 处都有 6060^\circ 角,所以它是等边三角形:PA=PB=ABPA = PB = AB。记 x=ABx = AB,则 PD=PAAD=x10PD = PA - AD = x - 10PC=PBBC=x8PC = PB - BC = x - 8

在三角形 PDCPDC 中用余弦定理,P=60\angle P = 60^\circ,且 DC=12DC = 12,得到 144=(x10)2+(x8)2(x10)(x8)=x218x+84, \begin{aligned} 144 &= (x-10)^2 + (x-8)^2 \\ &\quad {}- (x-10)(x-8) \\ &= x^2 - 18x + 84, \end{aligned} 所以 x218x60=0x^2 - 18x - 60 = 0,并且 x=9+81+60=9+141x = 9 + \sqrt{81 + 60} = 9 + \sqrt{141}

因此 p+q=9+141=150p + q = 9 + 141 = 150

Extend rays ADAD and BCBC until they meet at P.P. Triangle ABPABP has 6060^\circ angles at AA and B,B, so it is equilateral: PA=PB=AB.PA = PB = AB. Writing x=AB,x = AB, we get PD=PAAD=x10PD = PA - AD = x - 10 and PC=PBBC=x8.PC = PB - BC = x - 8.

The Law of Cosines in triangle PDC,PDC, with P=60\angle P = 60^\circ and DC=12,DC = 12, gives 144=(x10)2+(x8)2(x10)(x8)=x218x+84, \begin{aligned} 144 &= (x-10)^2 + (x-8)^2 \\ &\quad {}- (x-10)(x-8) \\ &= x^2 - 18x + 84, \end{aligned} so x218x60=0x^2 - 18x - 60 = 0 and x=9+81+60=9+141.x = 9 + \sqrt{81 + 60} = 9 + \sqrt{141}.

Thus p+q=9+141=150.p + q = 9 + 141 = 150.

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