2004 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

CC 为乘积 (1x)(1+2x)(13x)(1+14x)(115x). \begin{aligned} &(1 - x)(1 + 2x)(1 - 3x) \cdots \\ &\quad {}\cdot (1 + 14x)(1 - 15x). \end{aligned} 展开式中 x2x^2 的系数。求 C|C|

Let CC be the coefficient of x2x^2 in the expansion of the product (1x)(1+2x)(13x)(1+14x)(115x). \begin{aligned} &(1 - x)(1 + 2x)(1 - 3x) \cdots \\ &\quad {}\cdot (1 + 14x)(1 - 15x). \end{aligned} Find C.|C|.

答案:588
知识点:多项式代数变形前n项平方和
难度评级:2390
解答:

将乘积写成 k=115(1+akx)\prod_{k=1}^{15} (1 + a_k x),其中 ak=(1)kka_k = (-1)^k kx2x^2 项来自从两个因式中选出 xx 项,因此 C=i<jaiajC = \sum_{i \lt j} a_i a_j, 并且 C=(ak)2ak22.C = \frac{\left(\sum a_k\right)^2 - \sum a_k^2}{2}.

交错和为 (1+2)+(3+4)++(13+14)15=715=8, \begin{aligned} &(-1 + 2) + (-3 + 4) \\ &\quad {}+ \cdots + (-13 + 14) - 15 \\ &= 7 - 15 \\ &= -8, \end{aligned} 并且 ak2=12+22++152=1516316=1240. \begin{aligned} \sum a_k^2 &= 1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + 15^2 \\ &= \frac{15 \cdot 16 \cdot 31}{6} \\ &= 1240. \end{aligned}

因此 C=6412402=588C = \frac{64 - 1240}{2} = -588, 所以 C=588|C| = 588

Write the product as k=115(1+akx)\prod_{k=1}^{15} (1 + a_k x) with ak=(1)kk.a_k = (-1)^k k. An x2x^2 term arises by choosing the xx-term from two factors, so C=i<jaiaj,C = \sum_{i \lt j} a_i a_j, and C=(ak)2ak22.C = \frac{\left(\sum a_k\right)^2 - \sum a_k^2}{2}.

The alternating sum is (1+2)+(3+4)++(13+14)15=715=8, \begin{aligned} &(-1 + 2) + (-3 + 4) \\ &\quad {}+ \cdots + (-13 + 14) - 15 \\ &= 7 - 15 \\ &= -8, \end{aligned} and ak2=12+22++152=1516316=1240. \begin{aligned} \sum a_k^2 &= 1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + 15^2 \\ &= \frac{15 \cdot 16 \cdot 31}{6} \\ &= 1240. \end{aligned}

Thus C=6412402=588,C = \frac{64 - 1240}{2} = -588, so C=588.|C| = 588.

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