2002 AIME I 第 13 题

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13.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,中线 AD\overline{AD}CE\overline{CE} 的长度分别为 18182727,且 AB=24AB = 24。延长 CE\overline{CE},使其与三角形 ABCABC 的外接圆交于 FF。三角形 AFBAFB 的面积为 mnm\sqrt{n},其中 mmnn 是正整数,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+nm + n

In triangle ABC,ABC, the medians AD\overline{AD} and CE\overline{CE} have lengths 1818 and 27,27, respectively, and AB=24.AB = 24. Extend CE\overline{CE} to intersect the circumcircle of ABCABC at F.F. The area of triangle AFBAFB is mn,m\sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:63
知识点:圆幂重心面积比
难度评级:2990
解答:

因为 EEAB\overline{AB} 的中点,所以 AE=EB=12AE = EB = 12。设 PP 为重心, 它三等分中线:AP=2318=12AP = \frac{2}{3} \cdot 18 = 12,且 PE=1327=9PE = \frac{1}{3} \cdot 27 = 9。由点 EE 关于外接圆的幂, EFEC=EAEB=144EF \cdot EC = EA \cdot EB = 144,所以 EF=14427=163EF = \frac{144}{27} = \frac{16}{3}

三角形 AEPAEP 为等腰三角形,AE=AP=12AE = AP = 12,底边 PE=9PE = 9。因此从 AAPE\overline{PE} 的高为 144814=3552\sqrt{144 - \frac{81}{4}} = \frac{3\sqrt{55}}{2},于是 [AEP]=1293552=27554[AEP] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 9 \cdot \frac{3\sqrt{55}}{2} = \frac{27\sqrt{55}}{4}。 因为 FFPP 都在直线 CECE 上,三角形 AEFAEFAEPAEP 共享顶点 AA,且底边共线,所以 [AEF]=EFEP[AEP]=16/3927554=455. \begin{aligned} [AEF] &= \frac{EF}{EP}\,[AEP] \\ &= \frac{16/3}{9} \cdot \frac{27\sqrt{55}}{4} \\ &= 4\sqrt{55}. \end{aligned}

最后,由于 EEAB\overline{AB} 的中点,[AFB]=2[AFE]=855[AFB] = 2\,[AFE] = 8\sqrt{55},所以 m+n=8+55=63m + n = 8 + 55 = 63

Since EE is the midpoint of AB,\overline{AB}, AE=EB=12.AE = EB = 12. Let PP be the centroid, which trisects the medians: AP=2318=12AP = \frac{2}{3} \cdot 18 = 12 and PE=1327=9.PE = \frac{1}{3} \cdot 27 = 9. By the power of the point EE with respect to the circumcircle, EFEC=EAEB=144,EF \cdot EC = EA \cdot EB = 144, so EF=14427=163.EF = \frac{144}{27} = \frac{16}{3}.

Triangle AEPAEP is isosceles with AE=AP=12AE = AP = 12 and base PE=9,PE = 9, so the altitude from AA to PE\overline{PE} is 144814=3552,\sqrt{144 - \frac{81}{4}} = \frac{3\sqrt{55}}{2}, giving [AEP]=1293552=27554.[AEP] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 9 \cdot \frac{3\sqrt{55}}{2} = \frac{27\sqrt{55}}{4}. Since FF and PP both lie on line CE,CE, triangles AEFAEF and AEPAEP share the apex AA and have collinear bases, so [AEF]=EFEP[AEP]=16/3927554=455. \begin{aligned} [AEF] &= \frac{EF}{EP}\,[AEP] \\ &= \frac{16/3}{9} \cdot \frac{27\sqrt{55}}{4} \\ &= 4\sqrt{55}. \end{aligned}

Finally, since EE is the midpoint of AB,\overline{AB}, [AFB]=2[AFE]=855,[AFB] = 2\,[AFE] = 8\sqrt{55}, and m+n=8+55=63.m + n = 8 + 55 = 63.

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