2026 AIME II 第 15 题

先试着解答 2026 AIME II 第 15 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2026 AIME II 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

15.

求满足下列性质的有序七元组 (a1,a2,a3,,a7)(a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots, a_7) 的个数:

• 对所有 kk 都有 ak{1,2,3}a_k \in \{1, 2, 3\}

a1+a2+a3+a4a_1 + a_2 + a_3 + a_4 +a5+a6+a7+ a_5 + a_6 + a_733 的倍数。

a1a2a4a_1a_2a_4 +a2a3a5+ a_2a_3a_5 +a3a4a6+ a_3a_4a_6 +a4a5a7+ a_4a_5a_7 +a5a6a1+ a_5a_6a_1 +a6a7a2+ a_6a_7a_2 +a7a1a3+ a_7a_1a_333 的倍数。

Find the number of ordered 7-tuples (a1,a2,a3,,a7)(a_1, a_2, a_3, \ldots, a_7) having the following properties:

ak{1,2,3}a_k \in \{1, 2, 3\} for all k.k.

a1+a2+a3+a4a_1 + a_2 + a_3 + a_4 +a5+a6+a7+ a_5 + a_6 + a_7 is a multiple of 3.3.

a1a2a4a_1a_2a_4 +a2a3a5+ a_2a_3a_5 +a3a4a6+ a_3a_4a_6 +a4a5a7+ a_4a_5a_7 +a5a6a1+ a_5a_6a_1 +a6a7a2+ a_6a_7a_2 +a7a1a3+ a_7a_1a_3 is a multiple of 3.3.

答案:393
知识点:模运算图论分类讨论
难度评级:3500
解答:

在模 33 下工作:取值 3300,取值 1,21, 2±1\pm 1。因为 {0,1,3}\{0, 1, 3\} 的差覆盖模 77 的每个非零剩余类恰好一次,七个三元组 {i,i+1,i+3}\{i, i+1, i+3\} 是位置集合上的 Fano 平面的直线:每一对位置在恰好一条直线上,任意两条直线恰好交于一点。设 ZZ 为取值为 33 的位置集合, k=Zk = |Z|。一个乘积项保留下来当且仅当它对应的直线避开 ZZ,并贡献 (1)#{2’s on the line}(-1)^{\#\{\text{2's on the line}\}};线性条件则限制其余 7k7 - k±1\pm 1 的和模 33 等于 00

kk 分类。k=7k = 7:全为 33 的元组可行,得 11 个。k=6k = 6:单个 ±1\pm 1 不可能和为 00,没有解。k=5k = 5:没有直线保留下来;两个非零项必须一个为 11、一个为 22,有 (72)2=42\binom{7}{2} \cdot 2 = 42 个。k=4k = 4:三个 ±1\pm 1 和为 00 只有全相同,且三个非零位置不能成一条直线,否则其乘积为 ±1\pm 1,所以有 (357)2=56(35 - 7) \cdot 2 = 56 个。k=3k = 3:四个 ±1\pm 1 必须二二分开;若 ZZ 不是一条直线,则恰有一条直线避开它(破坏乘积和),而若 ZZ 是一条直线,则没有直线避开它,得到 7(42)=427 \cdot \binom{4}{2} = 42 个。k=2k = 2:五个 ±1\pm 1 必须四个同号、一个异号;恰有两条直线避开 ZZ,它们交于点 pp 并覆盖五个位置,其乘积相消当且仅当唯一的少数值不在 pp 上,所以有 (72)24=168\binom{7}{2} \cdot 2 \cdot 4 = 168 个。k=1k = 1:六个 ±1\pm 1 和为 00 时要么全相同,要么三个各一类;避开 ZZ 的四条直线两两交于六个非零位置,且四个直线乘积之积为 +1+1,因此需要恰好两条负直线。全相同时有 0044 条负直线;若有三个 22,把位置看作这四条直线形成的 K4K_4 的边,一条直线为负当且仅当它在所选 33 条边中度数为奇;在 (63)=20\binom{6}{3} = 20 个三边子集中,恰有 1212 条三边路径给出两个奇度数,所以有 712=847 \cdot 12 = 84 个。k=0k = 0:七个 ±1\pm 1 需要两个或五个 22,它们分别产生 4433 条负直线,但 72t0(mod3)7 - 2t \equiv 0 \pmod 3 需要 t2(mod3)t \equiv 2 \pmod 3,没有解。

总数为 1+42+561 + 42 + 56 +42+168+84=393+ 42 + 168 + 84 = 393

Work modulo 3:3: entries 33 are 00 and entries 1,21, 2 are ±1.\pm 1. Because the differences of {0,1,3}\{0, 1, 3\} hit every nonzero residue mod 77 exactly once, the seven triples {i,i+1,i+3}\{i, i+1, i+3\} are the lines of a Fano plane on the positions: every pair of positions lies on exactly one line, and any two lines meet in exactly one point. Let ZZ be the set of positions holding a 33 and k=Z.k = |Z|. A product term survives exactly when its line avoids Z,Z, contributing (1)#{2’s on the line},(-1)^{\#\{\text{2's on the line}\}}, and the linear condition constrains the 7k7 - k values ±1\pm 1 to sum to 00 mod 3.3.

Casework on k.k. k=7:k = 7: the all-33s tuple works: 1.1. k=6:k = 6: a single ±1\pm 1 can't sum to 0:0: none. k=5:k = 5: no line survives; the two nonzero entries must be a 11 and a 2:2: (72)2=42.\binom{7}{2} \cdot 2 = 42. k=4:k = 4: three ±1\pm 1s sum to 00 only if all equal, and the three nonzero positions must not form a line, else its product is ±1:\pm 1: (357)2=56.(35 - 7) \cdot 2 = 56. k=3:k = 3: four ±1\pm 1s must split two and two; exactly one line avoids a non-line ZZ (spoiling the sum), while a line ZZ is avoided by no line: 7(42)=42.7 \cdot \binom{4}{2} = 42. k=2:k = 2: five ±1\pm 1s must go four and one; exactly two lines avoid Z,Z, meeting at a point pp and covering the five positions, and their products cancel exactly when the lone minority value avoids p:p: (72)24=168.\binom{7}{2} \cdot 2 \cdot 4 = 168. k=1:k = 1: six ±1\pm 1s sum to 00 if all equal or three of each; the four lines avoiding ZZ pairwise meet in the six nonzero positions, and since the product of all four line-products is +1,+1, we need exactly two negative lines. All-equal gives 00 or 44 negative lines; for three 22's, viewing positions as edges of K4K_4 on the four lines, a line is negative exactly when it has odd degree in the chosen 33-edge set, and exactly the 1212 three-edge paths (of the (63)=20\binom{6}{3} = 20 subsets) give two odd degrees: 712=84.7 \cdot 12 = 84. k=0:k = 0: seven ±1\pm 1s need two or five 22's, which make 44 or 33 lines negative respectively, but 72t0(mod3)7 - 2t \equiv 0 \pmod 3 needs t2(mod3):t \equiv 2 \pmod 3: none.

The total is 1+42+561 + 42 + 56 +42+168+84=393.+ 42 + 168 + 84 = 393.

← 第 14 题#14
完整试卷

其他年份的第 15 题