2025 AIME I 第 2 题

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2.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,点 AADDEEBB 按此顺序位于边 AB\overline{AB} 上,且 AD=4AD = 4DE=16DE = 16EB=8EB = 8。点 AAFFGGCC 按此顺序位于边 AC\overline{AC} 上,且 AF=13AF = 13FG=52FG = 52GC=26GC = 26。令 MMDD 关于 FF 的对称点,令 NNGG 关于 EE 的对称点。四边形 DEGFDEGF 的面积为 288288。求七边形 AFNBCEMAFNBCEM 的面积。

On ABC\triangle ABC points A,A, D,D, E,E, and BB lie in that order on side AB\overline{AB} with AD=4,AD = 4, DE=16,DE = 16, and EB=8.EB = 8. Points A,A, F,F, G,G, and CC lie in that order on side AC\overline{AC} with AF=13,AF = 13, FG=52,FG = 52, and GC=26.GC = 26. Let MM be the reflection of DD through F,F, and let NN be the reflection of GG through E.E. Quadrilateral DEGFDEGF has area 288.288. Find the area of heptagon AFNBCEM.AFNBCEM.

答案:588
知识点:面积比鞋带公式向量
难度评级:2340
解答:

这里 AB=4+16+8=28AB = 4 + 16 + 8 = 28,且 AC=13+52+26=91AC = 13 + 52 + 26 = 91,所以 DDFF 分别在各自边上从 AA 出发 17\frac{1}{7} 的位置,而 EEGG 分别在 57\frac{5}{7} 的位置。共用角 AA 的三角形面积与两条邻边长度的乘积成正比,因此 [ADF]=149[ABC][ADF] = \frac{1}{49}[ABC],且 [AEG]=2549[ABC][AEG] = \frac{25}{49}[ABC]。于是 得到 [ABC]=588[ABC] = 588[DEGF]=[AEG][ADF]=2449[ABC]=288, \begin{aligned} [DEGF] &= [AEG] - [ADF] \\ &= \frac{24}{49}[ABC] = 288, \end{aligned}

现在令 b=AB\mathbf{b} = \overrightarrow{AB}c=AC\mathbf{c} = \overrightarrow{AC},于是 D=17bD = \frac{1}{7}\mathbf{b}E=57bE = \frac{5}{7}\mathbf{b}F=17cF = \frac{1}{7}\mathbf{c}G=57cG = \frac{5}{7}\mathbf{c},而两个对称点为 M=2FD=17(2cb)M = 2F - D = \frac{1}{7}(2\mathbf{c} - \mathbf{b})N=2EG=17(10b5c)N = 2E - G = \frac{1}{7}(10\mathbf{b} - 5\mathbf{c})。对 AFNBCEMAFNBCEM 使用鞋带公式, 即求相邻顶点的叉积和;与 AA 相邻的两项为零,并且 F×N=1049b×c,N×B=57b×c,B×C=b×c,C×E=57b×c,E×M=1049b×c. \begin{aligned} F \times N &= -\tfrac{10}{49}\,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, \\ N \times B &= \tfrac{5}{7}\,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, \\ B \times C &= \mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, \\ C \times E &= -\tfrac{5}{7}\,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, \\ E \times M &= \tfrac{10}{49}\,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}. \end{aligned}

除了单独的 b×c\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, 这一项外,其余都相消,所以七边形面积为 12b×c=[ABC]=588\frac{1}{2}\left|\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}\right| = [ABC] = 588

Here AB=4+16+8=28AB = 4 + 16 + 8 = 28 and AC=13+52+26=91,AC = 13 + 52 + 26 = 91, so DD and FF lie 17\frac{1}{7} of the way from AA along their sides while EE and GG lie 57\frac{5}{7} of the way. Triangles sharing angle AA have areas proportional to the products of the adjacent sides, so [ADF]=149[ABC][ADF] = \frac{1}{49}[ABC] and [AEG]=2549[ABC].[AEG] = \frac{25}{49}[ABC]. Therefore [DEGF]=[AEG][ADF]=2449[ABC]=288, \begin{aligned} [DEGF] &= [AEG] - [ADF] \\ &= \frac{24}{49}[ABC] = 288, \end{aligned} which gives [ABC]=588.[ABC] = 588.

Now set b=AB\mathbf{b} = \overrightarrow{AB} and c=AC,\mathbf{c} = \overrightarrow{AC}, so that D=17b,D = \frac{1}{7}\mathbf{b}, E=57b,E = \frac{5}{7}\mathbf{b}, F=17c,F = \frac{1}{7}\mathbf{c}, G=57c,G = \frac{5}{7}\mathbf{c}, and the reflections are M=2FD=17(2cb)M = 2F - D = \frac{1}{7}(2\mathbf{c} - \mathbf{b}) and N=2EG=17(10b5c).N = 2E - G = \frac{1}{7}(10\mathbf{b} - 5\mathbf{c}). The shoelace formula for AFNBCEMAFNBCEM sums cross products of consecutive vertices: the two terms at AA vanish, and F×N=1049b×c,N×B=57b×c,B×C=b×c,C×E=57b×c,E×M=1049b×c. \begin{aligned} F \times N &= -\tfrac{10}{49}\,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, \\ N \times B &= \tfrac{5}{7}\,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, \\ B \times C &= \mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, \\ C \times E &= -\tfrac{5}{7}\,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, \\ E \times M &= \tfrac{10}{49}\,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}. \end{aligned}

Everything cancels except the single term b×c,\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}, so the heptagon's area is 12b×c=[ABC]=588.\frac{1}{2}\left|\mathbf{b} \times \mathbf{c}\right| = [ABC] = 588.

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