2005 AIME II 第 4 题

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4.

求至少是 101010^{10}15715^7181118^{11} 之一的因数的正整数个数。

Find the number of positive integers that are divisors of at least one of 1010,10^{10}, 157,15^7, 1811.18^{11}.

答案:435
知识点:因数个数容斥原理最大公约数
难度评级:2230
解答:

由分解式 1010=21051010^{10} = 2^{10} 5^{10}157=375715^7 = 3^7 5^7, 以及 1811=21132218^{11} = 2^{11} 3^{22}, 它们的因数个数分别为 1111=12111 \cdot 11 = 12188=648 \cdot 8 = 64, 和 1223=27612 \cdot 23 = 276

两个数的公共因数恰好是它们最大公因数的因数: gcd(1010,157)=57\gcd(10^{10}, 15^7) = 5^788 个因数,gcd(1010,1811)=210\gcd(10^{10}, 18^{11}) = 2^{10}1111 个,gcd(157,1811)=37\gcd(15^7, 18^{11}) = 3^788 个。只有 11 同时整除三个数。

由容斥原理,所求个数为 121+64+276121 + 64 + 276 8118+1- 8 - 11 - 8 + 1 =435= 435

From the factorizations 1010=210510,10^{10} = 2^{10} 5^{10}, 157=3757,15^7 = 3^7 5^7, and 1811=211322,18^{11} = 2^{11} 3^{22}, the divisor counts are 1111=121,11 \cdot 11 = 121, 88=64,8 \cdot 8 = 64, and 1223=276.12 \cdot 23 = 276.

The divisors common to two of the numbers are exactly the divisors of their gcd: gcd(1010,157)=57\gcd(10^{10}, 15^7) = 5^7 has 88 divisors, gcd(1010,1811)=210\gcd(10^{10}, 18^{11}) = 2^{10} has 11,11, and gcd(157,1811)=37\gcd(15^7, 18^{11}) = 3^7 has 8.8. Only 11 divides all three numbers.

By inclusion-exclusion, the count is 121+64+276121 + 64 + 276 8118+1- 8 - 11 - 8 + 1 =435.= 435.

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