2002 AIME II 第 14 题

先试着解答 2002 AIME II 第 14 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2002 AIME II 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

14.

三角形 APMAPM 的周长为 152152,且角 PAMPAM 是直角。画一个半径为 1919 的圆,圆心 OOAP\overline{AP} 上,并且该圆与 AM\overline{AM}PM\overline{PM} 相切。已知 OP=m/nOP = m/n,其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

The perimeter of triangle APMAPM is 152,152, and angle PAMPAM is a right angle. A circle of radius 1919 with center OO on AP\overline{AP} is drawn so that it is tangent to AM\overline{AM} and PM.\overline{PM}. Given that OP=m/n,OP = m/n, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers, find m+n.m + n.

答案:98
知识点:切线相似周长
难度评级:3060
解答:

TT 为圆与 PM\overline{PM} 的切点。因为 AMAP\overline{AM} \perp \overline{AP},且 OOAP\overline{AP} 上,圆心到直线 AMAM 的距离为 1919,所以圆恰好在点 AAAM\overline{AM} 相切。由从 MM 引出的两条切线相等,得 MT=MAMT = MA。直角三角形 POTPOTPMAPMA(直角分别在 TTAA)共有角 PP,所以相似,比例为 OTMA=19MA\frac{OT}{MA} = \frac{19}{MA}

小三角形的周长为 PO+OT+TPPO + OT + TP =(PA19)+19+TP= (PA - 19) + 19 + TP =PA+PT= PA + PT。又因为 MT=MAMT = MAPA+PT=PA+PMMT=1522MA. \begin{aligned} PA + PT &= PA + PM - MT \\ &= 152 - 2\,MA. \end{aligned} 相似三角形的周长比等于相似比,因此 19MA=1522MA152\frac{19}{MA} = \frac{152 - 2\,MA}{152}。化简得 MA276MA+1444MA^2 - 76\,MA + 1444 =(MA38)2= (MA - 38)^2 =0= 0,所以 MA=38MA = 38

相似比为 1938=12\frac{19}{38} = \frac{1}{2},所以 PO=12PMPO = \frac{1}{2} PM。由周长得 PA+PM=15238=114PA + PM = 152 - 38 = 114,且 PA=PO+19PA = PO + 19,于是 12PM+19+PM=114\frac{1}{2} PM + 19 + PM = 114,解得 PM=1903PM = \frac{190}{3},所以 OP=953OP = \frac{95}{3}。因此 m+n=95+3=98m + n = 95 + 3 = 98

Let TT be the point where the circle touches PM.\overline{PM}. Since AMAP\overline{AM} \perp \overline{AP} and OO lies on AP\overline{AP} at distance 1919 from line AM,AM, the circle is tangent to AM\overline{AM} at AA itself, so the two tangents from MM give MT=MA.MT = MA. Right triangles POTPOT and PMAPMA (right angles at TT and AA) share angle P,P, so they are similar with ratio OTMA=19MA.\frac{OT}{MA} = \frac{19}{MA}.

The small triangle's perimeter is PO+OT+TPPO + OT + TP =(PA19)+19+TP= (PA - 19) + 19 + TP =PA+PT,= PA + PT, and since MT=MA,MT = MA, PA+PT=PA+PMMT=1522MA. \begin{aligned} PA + PT &= PA + PM - MT \\ &= 152 - 2\,MA. \end{aligned} Perimeters of similar triangles are in the ratio of similarity, so 19MA=1522MA152,\frac{19}{MA} = \frac{152 - 2\,MA}{152}, which simplifies to MA276MA+1444MA^2 - 76\,MA + 1444 =(MA38)2= (MA - 38)^2 =0.= 0. Thus MA=38.MA = 38.

The ratio of similarity is then 1938=12,\frac{19}{38} = \frac{1}{2}, so PO=12PM.PO = \frac{1}{2} PM. From the perimeter, PA+PM=15238=114,PA + PM = 152 - 38 = 114, and PA=PO+19,PA = PO + 19, so 12PM+19+PM=114,\frac{1}{2} PM + 19 + PM = 114, giving PM=1903PM = \frac{190}{3} and OP=953.OP = \frac{95}{3}. Hence m+n=95+3=98.m + n = 95 + 3 = 98.

← 第 13 题#13
完整试卷

其他年份的第 14 题