2002 AIME I 第 15 题

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15.

多面体 ABCDEFGABCDEFG 有六个面。面 ABCDABCD 是正方形,且 AB=12AB = 12ABFGABFG 是梯形,其中 AB\overline{AB} 平行于 GF\overline{GF}BF=AG=8BF = AG = 8,且 GF=6GF = 6CDECDE 满足 CE=DE=14CE = DE = 14 另外三个面是 ADEGADEGBCEFBCEFEFGEFGEE 到面 ABCDABCD 的距离为 1212 已知 EG2=pqrEG^2 = p - q\sqrt{r},其中 ppqqrr 是正整数,且 rr 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 p+q+rp + q + r

Polyhedron ABCDEFGABCDEFG has six faces. Face ABCDABCD is a square with AB=12;AB = 12; face ABFGABFG is a trapezoid with AB\overline{AB} parallel to GF,\overline{GF}, BF=AG=8,BF = AG = 8, and GF=6;GF = 6; and face CDECDE has CE=DE=14.CE = DE = 14. The other three faces are ADEG,ADEG, BCEF,BCEF, and EFG.EFG. The distance from EE to face ABCDABCD is 12.12. Given that EG2=pqr,EG^2 = p - q\sqrt{r}, where p,p, q,q, and rr are positive integers and rr is not divisible by the square of any prime, find p+q+r.p + q + r.

答案:163
知识点:立体几何坐标几何距离公式
难度评级:3160
解答:

D=(0,0,0)D = (0, 0, 0)C=(12,0,0)C = (12, 0, 0)B=(12,12,0)B = (12, 12, 0)A=(0,12,0)A = (0, 12, 0),并令 E=(x,y,12)E = (x, y, 12),使用 EE 到面 ABCDABCD 的距离。由 CE=DECE = DEx=6x = 6,再由 DE=14DE = 1436+y2+144=19636 + y^2 + 144 = 196,所以 y=4y = 4E=(6,4,12)E = (6, 4, 12)

在梯形 ABFGABFG 中,GF\overline{GF} 平行于 AB\overline{AB},且 GF=6GF = 6AG=BFAG = BF,所以 GGFF 关于平面 x=6x = 6 对称:G=(3,y2,z2)G = (3, y_2, z_2)F=(9,y2,z2)F = (9, y_2, z_2)。面 ADEGADEG 是平面,而经过 AADDEE 的平面包含整个 yy-轴方向(AADD 都满足 x=z=0x = z = 0),所以它是平面 z=2xz = 2x,并且确实包含 EE。因此 z2=6z_2 = 6。现在由 AG=8AG = 832+(y212)2+62=643^2 + (y_2 - 12)^2 + 6^2 = 64,所以 y2=12±19y_2 = 12 \pm \sqrt{19}

于是 题目给出的形式 pqrp - q\sqrt{r} 对应 1281619128 - 16\sqrt{19}。因此 p+q+rp + q + r =128+16+19= 128 + 16 + 19 =163= 163EG2=32+(y24)2+62=45+(8±19)2=128±1619, \begin{aligned} EG^2 &= 3^2 + (y_2 - 4)^2 + 6^2 \\ &= 45 + \left(8 \pm \sqrt{19}\right)^2 \\ &= 128 \pm 16\sqrt{19}, \end{aligned}

Place D=(0,0,0),D = (0, 0, 0), C=(12,0,0),C = (12, 0, 0), B=(12,12,0),B = (12, 12, 0), A=(0,12,0),A = (0, 12, 0), and E=(x,y,12),E = (x, y, 12), using the given distance from EE to face ABCD.ABCD. From CE=DECE = DE we get x=6,x = 6, and then DE=14DE = 14 gives 36+y2+144=196,36 + y^2 + 144 = 196, so y=4y = 4 and E=(6,4,12).E = (6, 4, 12).

In trapezoid ABFG,ABFG, GF\overline{GF} is parallel to AB\overline{AB} with GF=6GF = 6 and AG=BF,AG = BF, so GG and FF are symmetric about the plane x=6:x = 6: G=(3,y2,z2)G = (3, y_2, z_2) and F=(9,y2,z2).F = (9, y_2, z_2). Face ADEGADEG is planar, and the plane through A,A, D,D, EE contains the entire yy-axis direction (both AA and DD have x=z=0x = z = 0), so it is the plane z=2x,z = 2x, which indeed contains E.E. Hence z2=6.z_2 = 6. Now AG=8AG = 8 gives 32+(y212)2+62=64,3^2 + (y_2 - 12)^2 + 6^2 = 64, so y2=12±19.y_2 = 12 \pm \sqrt{19}.

Then EG2=32+(y24)2+62=45+(8±19)2=128±1619, \begin{aligned} EG^2 &= 3^2 + (y_2 - 4)^2 + 6^2 \\ &= 45 + \left(8 \pm \sqrt{19}\right)^2 \\ &= 128 \pm 16\sqrt{19}, \end{aligned} and the stated form pqrp - q\sqrt{r} corresponds to 1281619.128 - 16\sqrt{19}. Thus p+q+rp + q + r =128+16+19= 128 + 16 + 19 =163.= 163.

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