1997 AIME 第 13 题

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13.

SS 为笛卡尔平面中满足 的点集。如果用可忽略粗细的铁丝做出 SS 的模型,则所需铁丝总长度为 aba\sqrt{b},其中 aabb 是正整数,且 bb 不被任何素数的平方整除。求 a+ba + bx21+y21=1. \begin{aligned} &\Bigl|\bigl||x| - 2\bigr| - 1\Bigr| \\ &\quad {}+ \Bigl|\bigl||y| - 2\bigr| - 1\Bigr| = 1. \end{aligned}

Let SS be the set of points in the Cartesian plane that satisfy x21+y21=1. \begin{aligned} &\Bigl|\bigl||x| - 2\bigr| - 1\Bigr| \\ &\quad {}+ \Bigl|\bigl||y| - 2\bigr| - 1\Bigr| = 1. \end{aligned} If a model of SS were built from wire of negligible thickness, then the total length of wire required would be ab,a\sqrt{b}, where aa and bb are positive integers and bb is not divisible by the square of any prime number. Find a+b.a + b.

答案:66
知识点:绝对值坐标几何周长
难度评级:2920
解答:

f(t)=t21f(t) = \bigl|\,||t| - 2| - 1\,\bigr|,则方程为 f(x)+f(y)=1f(x) + f(y) = 1。函数 ff 是偶函数。当 t0t \ge 0 时:在 [0,2][0, 2] 上, t21=(2t)1||t| - 2| - 1 = (2 - t) - 1 =1t= 1 - t,所以 f(t)=t1f(t) = |t - 1|;在 [2,4][2, 4] 上,f(t)=t3f(t) = |t - 3|;当 t>4t \gt 4 时, f(t)=t3>1f(t) = t - 3 \gt 1,已经太大。因此在相关范围内,f(t)=taf(t) = |t - a|,其中 a{3,1,1,3}a \in \{-3, -1, 1, 3\} 是这四个值中最接近 tt 的一个。

因此 SS1616 个曼哈顿圆的并: 它们只在孤立点相交。每个都是对角线长为 22 的正方形(菱形),所以边长为 2\sqrt{2} 周长为 424\sqrt{2}xa+yb=1,a,b{3,1,1,3}, \begin{aligned} &|x - a| + |y - b| = 1, \\ &\qquad a, b \in \{-3, -1, 1, 3\}, \end{aligned}

总长度为 1642=64216 \cdot 4\sqrt{2} = 64\sqrt{2},所以 a+b=64+2=66a + b = 64 + 2 = 66

Let f(t)=t21,f(t) = \bigl|\,||t| - 2| - 1\,\bigr|, so the equation is f(x)+f(y)=1.f(x) + f(y) = 1. The function ff is even, and for t0:t \ge 0: on [0,2],[0, 2], t21=(2t)1||t| - 2| - 1 = (2 - t) - 1 =1t,= 1 - t, so f(t)=t1;f(t) = |t - 1|; on [2,4],[2, 4], f(t)=t3;f(t) = |t - 3|; and for t>4,t \gt 4, f(t)=t3>1,f(t) = t - 3 \gt 1, which is too large. So on the relevant range, f(t)=taf(t) = |t - a| where a{3,1,1,3}a \in \{-3, -1, 1, 3\} is the nearest of those four values to t.t.

Therefore SS is the union of the 1616 taxicab circles xa+yb=1,a,b{3,1,1,3}, \begin{aligned} &|x - a| + |y - b| = 1, \\ &\qquad a, b \in \{-3, -1, 1, 3\}, \end{aligned} which meet only at isolated points. Each is a square (diamond) with diagonal 2,2, hence side 2\sqrt{2} and perimeter 42.4\sqrt{2}.

The total length is 1642=642,16 \cdot 4\sqrt{2} = 64\sqrt{2}, so a+b=64+2=66.a + b = 64 + 2 = 66.

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