2021 AIME II 第 2 题

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2.

等边三角形 ABCABC 的边长为 840840。点 DDAA 在线 BCBC 的同侧,且 BDBC\overline{BD} \perp \overline{BC}。过 DD 作平行于线 BCBC 的直线 \ell,分别交边 AB\overline{AB}AC\overline{AC} 于点 EEFF。点 GG\ell 上,且 FF 位于 EEGG 之间,AFG\triangle AFG 是等腰三角形,并且 AFG\triangle AFGBED\triangle BED 的面积比为 8:98 : 9。求 AFAF

Equilateral triangle ABCABC has side length 840.840. Point DD lies on the same side of line BCBC as AA such that BDBC.\overline{BD} \perp \overline{BC}. The line \ell through DD parallel to line BCBC intersects sides AB\overline{AB} and AC\overline{AC} at points EE and F,F, respectively. Point GG lies on \ell such that FF is between EE and G,G, AFG\triangle AFG is isosceles, and the ratio of the area of AFG\triangle AFG to the area of BED\triangle BED is 8:9.8 : 9. Find AF.AF.

答案:336
知识点:等边三角形三角形面积面积比
难度评级:2460
解答:

因为 BC\ell \parallel BC,三角形 AEFAEF 是等边三角形;设 s=AF=EFs = AF = EF\ellBCBC 之间的距离等于三角形 ABCABC 的高减去三角形 AEFAEF 的高,所以 BD=32(840s)BD = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(840 - s);记 h=BDh = BD

在三角形 BEDBED 中,底边 BD\overline{BD} 垂直于 BCBC 长度为 hh,又因为 EBC=60\angle EBC = 60^\circEE 到线 BDBD 的水平距离为 h3\frac{h}{\sqrt{3}}。因此 [BED]=h223[BED] = \frac{h^2}{2\sqrt{3}}。另外 AFG=180AFE\angle AFG = 180^\circ - \angle AFE =120= 120^\circ,含有 120120^\circ 角的等腰三角形必须以这个角为顶角,所以 FA=FG=sFA = FG = s,从而 [AFG]=12s2sin120=34s2[AFG] = \frac{1}{2}s^2 \sin 120^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2

面积比给出 所以 sh=433\frac{s}{h} = \frac{4}{3\sqrt{3}}。代入 h=32(840s)h = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(840 - s),得 s=23(840s)s = \frac{2}{3}(840 - s),因此 5s=16805s = 1680,所以 AF=336AF = 336[AFG][BED]=3s2/4h2/(23)=32s2h2=89, \begin{aligned} \frac{[AFG]}{[BED]} &= \frac{\sqrt{3}s^2/4}{h^2/(2\sqrt{3})} \\ &= \frac{3}{2} \cdot \frac{s^2}{h^2} = \frac{8}{9}, \end{aligned}

Since BC,\ell \parallel BC, triangle AEFAEF is equilateral; let s=AF=EF.s = AF = EF. The distance between \ell and BCBC is the height of ABCABC minus the height of AEF,AEF, so BD=32(840s);BD = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(840 - s); write h=BD.h = BD.

In triangle BED,BED, the base BD\overline{BD} is perpendicular to BCBC and has length h,h, while EE lies at horizontal distance h3\frac{h}{\sqrt{3}} from line BDBD because EBC=60.\angle EBC = 60^\circ. Hence [BED]=h223.[BED] = \frac{h^2}{2\sqrt{3}}. Also AFG=180AFE\angle AFG = 180^\circ - \angle AFE =120,= 120^\circ, and an isosceles triangle with a 120120^\circ angle must have it as the apex angle, so FA=FG=sFA = FG = s and [AFG]=12s2sin120=34s2.[AFG] = \frac{1}{2}s^2 \sin 120^\circ = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2.

The ratio condition gives [AFG][BED]=3s2/4h2/(23)=32s2h2=89, \begin{aligned} \frac{[AFG]}{[BED]} &= \frac{\sqrt{3}s^2/4}{h^2/(2\sqrt{3})} \\ &= \frac{3}{2} \cdot \frac{s^2}{h^2} = \frac{8}{9}, \end{aligned} so sh=433.\frac{s}{h} = \frac{4}{3\sqrt{3}}. Substituting h=32(840s)h = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(840 - s) yields s=23(840s),s = \frac{2}{3}(840 - s), so 5s=16805s = 1680 and AF=336.AF = 336.

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