2020 AIME II 第 4 题

先试着解答 2020 AIME II 第 4 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2020 AIME II 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

4.

三角形 ABC\triangle ABCABC\triangle A'B'C' 位于坐标平面内,顶点分别为 A(0,0)A(0, 0)B(0,12)B(0, 12)C(16,0)C(16, 0)A(24,18)A'(24, 18)B(36,18)B'(36, 18)C(24,2)C'(24, 2)。绕点 (x,y)(x, y) 顺时针旋转 mm 度,其中 0<m<1800 \lt m \lt 180,会把 ABC\triangle ABC 变换为 ABC\triangle A'B'C'。求 m+x+ym + x + y

Triangles ABC\triangle ABC and ABC\triangle A'B'C' lie in the coordinate plane with vertices A(0,0),A(0, 0), B(0,12),B(0, 12), C(16,0),C(16, 0), A(24,18),A'(24, 18), B(36,18),B'(36, 18), C(24,2).C'(24, 2). A rotation of mm degrees clockwise around the point (x,y),(x, y), where 0<m<180,0 \lt m \lt 180, will transform ABC\triangle ABC to ABC.\triangle A'B'C'. Find m+x+y.m + x + y.

答案:108
知识点:变换坐标几何
难度评级:2300
解答:

向量 AB=(0,12)\overrightarrow{AB} = (0, 12) 是竖直的,而 AB=(12,0)\overrightarrow{A'B'} = (12, 0) 是水平的且长度相同,所以旋转把方向顺时针转了 9090^\circ,因此 m=90m = 90

(a,b)(a, b) 顺时针旋转 9090^\circ 会把 (p,q)(p, q) 送到 (a+qb, bp+a)(a + q - b,\ b - p + a)。将其用于 A=(0,0)A = (0, 0),并令像等于 A=(24,18)A' = (24, 18),得到 ab=24a - b = 24a+b=18a + b = 18,所以 a=21a = 21b=3b = -3。检查另外两个顶点:B=(0,12)B = (0, 12) 映到 (21+12+3, 3+21)(21 + 12 + 3,\ -3 + 21) =(36,18)=B= (36, 18) = B',且 C=(16,0)C = (16, 0) 映到 (21+3, 316+21)(21 + 3,\ -3 - 16 + 21) =(24,2)=C= (24, 2) = C'

因此 m+x+y=90m + x + y = 90 +21+ 21 +(3)=108+ (-3) = 108

The vector AB=(0,12)\overrightarrow{AB} = (0, 12) is vertical, while AB=(12,0)\overrightarrow{A'B'} = (12, 0) is horizontal and of the same length, so the rotation turns directions by 9090^\circ clockwise, and m=90.m = 90.

A 9090^\circ clockwise rotation about (a,b)(a, b) sends (p,q)(p, q) to (a+qb, bp+a).(a + q - b,\ b - p + a). Applying this to A=(0,0)A = (0, 0) and setting the image equal to A=(24,18)A' = (24, 18) gives ab=24a - b = 24 and a+b=18,a + b = 18, so a=21a = 21 and b=3.b = -3. Checking the other vertices: B=(0,12)B = (0, 12) maps to (21+12+3, 3+21)(21 + 12 + 3,\ -3 + 21) =(36,18)=B,= (36, 18) = B', and C=(16,0)C = (16, 0) maps to (21+3, 316+21)(21 + 3,\ -3 - 16 + 21) =(24,2)=C.= (24, 2) = C'.

Therefore m+x+y=90m + x + y = 90 +21+ 21 +(3)=108.+ (-3) = 108.

← 第 3 题#3
完整试卷

其他年份的第 4 题