2016 AIME I 第 4 题

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4.

一个高为 hh 的直棱柱,其底面是边长为 1212 的正六边形。棱柱的一个顶点 AA 以及与它相邻的三个顶点 是一个三棱锥的顶点。这个三棱锥中,位于棱柱底面内的面与不含 AA 的面所形成的二面角(两个平面之间的角) 为 6060^\circ。求 h2h^2

A right prism with height hh has bases that are regular hexagons with sides of length 12.12. A vertex AA of the prism and its three adjacent vertices are the vertices of a triangular pyramid. The dihedral angle (the angle between the two planes) formed by the face of the pyramid that lies in a base of the prism and the face of the pyramid that does not contain AA measures 60.60^\circ. Find h2.h^2.

答案:108
知识点:立体几何正多边形三角学
难度评级:2340
解答:

AA 相邻的三个顶点是同一正六边形底面中的两个邻点 BBCC,以及 AA 正上方的顶点 DD,其中 DA=hDA = h 且垂直于底面。位于底面内的面是 ABCABC,不含 AA 的面是 BCDBCD;它们沿 BC\overline{BC} 相交。

EEBC\overline{BC} 的中点。因为 AB=AC=12AB = AC = 12,且 BAC=120\angle BAC = 120^\circ(正六边形的内角),所以 AEBC\overline{AE} \perp \overline{BC},并且 AE=12cos60=6AE = 12\cos 60^\circ = 6。因为 DA\overline{DA} 垂直于底面,DEBC\overline{DE} \perp \overline{BC} 也成立,所以二面角为 DEA=60\angle DEA = 60^\circ

在直角三角形 DAEDAE 中,h=AEtan60=63h = AE\tan 60^\circ = 6\sqrt{3},所以 h2=108h^2 = 108

The three vertices adjacent to AA are its two neighbors BB and CC in the same hexagonal base and the vertex DD directly above A,A, with DA=hDA = h perpendicular to the base. The face in the base is ABC,ABC, and the face avoiding AA is BCD;BCD; they meet along BC.\overline{BC}.

Let EE be the midpoint of BC.\overline{BC}. Since AB=AC=12AB = AC = 12 and BAC=120\angle BAC = 120^\circ (the interior angle of a regular hexagon), AEBC\overline{AE} \perp \overline{BC} and AE=12cos60=6.AE = 12\cos 60^\circ = 6. Because DA\overline{DA} is perpendicular to the base, DEBC\overline{DE} \perp \overline{BC} as well, so the dihedral angle is DEA=60.\angle DEA = 60^\circ.

In right triangle DAE,DAE, h=AEtan60=63,h = AE\tan 60^\circ = 6\sqrt{3}, so h2=108.h^2 = 108.

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