2015 AIME I 第 4 题

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4.

BB 在线段 AC\overline{AC} 上,且 AB=16AB = 16BC=4BC = 4。点 DDEE 在直线 ACAC 的同侧,分别形成等边三角形 ABD\triangle ABDBCE\triangle BCE。设 MMAE\overline{AE} 的中点,NNCD\overline{CD} 的中点。BMN\triangle BMN 的面积为 xx。求 x2x^2

Point BB lies on line segment AC\overline{AC} with AB=16AB = 16 and BC=4.BC = 4. Points DD and EE lie on the same side of line ACAC forming equilateral triangles ABD\triangle ABD and BCE.\triangle BCE. Let MM be the midpoint of AE,\overline{AE}, and NN be the midpoint of CD.\overline{CD}. The area of BMN\triangle BMN is x.x. Find x2.x^2.

答案:507
知识点:坐标几何等边三角形距离公式
难度评级:2390
解答:

B=(0,0)B = (0, 0)A=(16,0)A = (-16, 0)C=(4,0)C = (4, 0)。每个等边三角形的顶点位于底边中点上方,高为边长的 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2},所以 D=(8,83)D = (-8, 8\sqrt{3})E=(2,23)E = (2, 2\sqrt{3})。中点为 M=(7,3)M = (-7, \sqrt{3})N=(2,43)N = (-2, 4\sqrt{3})

现在 BM2=49+3=52BM^2 = 49 + 3 = 52BN2=4+48=52BN^2 = 4 + 48 = 52,且 MN2=25+27=52MN^2 = 25 + 27 = 52,所以 BMN\triangle BMN 是边长为 52\sqrt{52} 的等边三角形。其面积为 x=3452=133x = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 52 = 13\sqrt{3},因此 x2=1693=507x^2 = 169 \cdot 3 = 507

Place B=(0,0),B = (0, 0), A=(16,0),A = (-16, 0), and C=(4,0).C = (4, 0). Each equilateral triangle has its apex above the midpoint of its base at height 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} times the side, so D=(8,83)D = (-8, 8\sqrt{3}) and E=(2,23).E = (2, 2\sqrt{3}). The midpoints are M=(7,3)M = (-7, \sqrt{3}) and N=(2,43).N = (-2, 4\sqrt{3}).

Now BM2=49+3=52,BM^2 = 49 + 3 = 52, BN2=4+48=52,BN^2 = 4 + 48 = 52, and MN2=25+27=52,MN^2 = 25 + 27 = 52, so BMN\triangle BMN is equilateral with side 52.\sqrt{52}. Its area is x=3452=133,x = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 52 = 13\sqrt{3}, so x2=1693=507.x^2 = 169 \cdot 3 = 507.

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