2014 AIME II 第 4 题

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4.

循环小数 0.ababab0.abab\overline{ab}0.abcabcabc0.abcabc\overline{abc} 满足 0.ababab+0.abcabcabc=3337,0.abab\overline{ab} + 0.abcabc\overline{abc} = \frac{33}{37}, 其中 aabbcc 是数字,且不一定互不相同。求三位数 abcabc

The repeating decimals 0.ababab0.abab\overline{ab} and 0.abcabcabc0.abcabc\overline{abc} satisfy 0.ababab+0.abcabcabc=3337,0.abab\overline{ab} + 0.abcabc\overline{abc} = \frac{33}{37}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are (not necessarily distinct) digits. Find the three-digit number abc.abc.

答案:447
知识点:循环小数数字模运算
难度评级:2230
解答:

abababcabc 表示相应的两位数和三位数,则两个小数分别为 ab99\frac{ab}{99}abc999\frac{abc}{999}。因为 99=91199 = 9 \cdot 11,且 999=2737999 = 27 \cdot 37,公分母为 273711=1098927 \cdot 37 \cdot 11 = 10989,两边同乘这个数,得到 111ab+11abc=333710989=9801. \begin{aligned} &111 \cdot ab + 11 \cdot abc \\ &= \frac{33}{37} \cdot 10989 \\ &= 9801. \end{aligned}

1111 下,因为 9801=118919801 = 11 \cdot 8911111111 \equiv 1,所以 11ab11 \mid ab,从而 a=ba = b。于是 ab=11aab = 11a,原方程除以 1111 得到 111a+abc=891111a + abc = 891。又 abc=110a+cabc = 110a + c,所以 221a+c=891221a + c = 891,这要求 a=4a = 4c=7c = 7

因此 a=b=4a = b = 4c=7c = 7,三位数 abcabc447447

Writing abab and abcabc for the two- and three-digit numbers, the decimals equal ab99\frac{ab}{99} and abc999.\frac{abc}{999}. Since 99=91199 = 9 \cdot 11 and 999=2737,999 = 27 \cdot 37, the common denominator is 273711=10989,27 \cdot 37 \cdot 11 = 10989, and multiplying the equation by it gives 111ab+11abc=333710989=9801. \begin{aligned} &111 \cdot ab + 11 \cdot abc \\ &= \frac{33}{37} \cdot 10989 \\ &= 9801. \end{aligned}

Modulo 11,11, since 9801=118919801 = 11 \cdot 891 and 1111,111 \equiv 1, this forces 11ab,11 \mid ab, so a=b.a = b. Then ab=11a,ab = 11a, and dividing the equation by 1111 gives 111a+abc=891.111a + abc = 891. Since abc=110a+c,abc = 110a + c, this is 221a+c=891,221a + c = 891, which requires a=4a = 4 and c=7.c = 7.

Thus a=b=4,a = b = 4, c=7,c = 7, and the three-digit number abcabc is 447.447.

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