2013 AIME II 第 5 题

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5.

在等边 ABC\triangle ABC 中,点 DDEEBC\overline{BC} 三等分。则 sin(DAE)\sin(\angle DAE) 可表示为 abc\frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c},其中 aacc 是互质的正整数,且 bb 是不被任何质数平方整除的整数。求 a+b+ca + b + c

In equilateral ABC\triangle ABC let points DD and EE trisect BC.\overline{BC}. Then sin(DAE)\sin(\angle DAE) can be expressed in the form abc,\frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}, where aa and cc are relatively prime positive integers, and bb is an integer that is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find a+b+c.a + b + c.

答案:20
知识点:余弦定理三角形面积等边三角形
难度评级:2330
解答:

缩放使边长为 66,且 BD=DE=EC=2BD = DE = EC = 2。在三角形 AECAEC 中,余弦定理给出 所以 AE=27AE = 2\sqrt{7},由对称性 AD=27AD = 2\sqrt{7}AE2=62+22262cos60=28, \begin{aligned} AE^2 &= 6^2 + 2^2 - 2 \cdot 6 \cdot 2 \cos 60^\circ \\ &= 28, \end{aligned}

因为 DEDEBCBC 的三分之一,且三角形 ADEADEABCABC 共有顶点 AA,所以 [ADE]=13[ABC][ADE] = \frac{1}{3}[ABC] =133634= \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{36\sqrt{3}}{4} =33= 3\sqrt{3}。另一方面,[ADE]=12ADAE[ADE] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot AD \cdot AE sin(DAE)\cdot \sin(\angle DAE) =14sin(DAE)= 14\sin(\angle DAE)

因此 sin(DAE)=3314\sin(\angle DAE) = \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{14},且 a+b+c=3+3+14=20a + b + c = 3 + 3 + 14 = 20

Scale so the side length is 6,6, with BD=DE=EC=2.BD = DE = EC = 2. In triangle AEC,AEC, the law of cosines gives AE2=62+22262cos60=28, \begin{aligned} AE^2 &= 6^2 + 2^2 - 2 \cdot 6 \cdot 2 \cos 60^\circ \\ &= 28, \end{aligned} so AE=27,AE = 2\sqrt{7}, and AD=27AD = 2\sqrt{7} by symmetry.

Since DEDE is one third of BCBC and triangles ADEADE and ABCABC share the apex A,A, we get [ADE]=13[ABC][ADE] = \frac{1}{3}[ABC] =133634= \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{36\sqrt{3}}{4} =33.= 3\sqrt{3}. On the other hand [ADE]=12ADAE[ADE] = \frac{1}{2} \cdot AD \cdot AE sin(DAE)\cdot \sin(\angle DAE) =14sin(DAE).= 14\sin(\angle DAE).

Therefore sin(DAE)=3314,\sin(\angle DAE) = \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{14}, and a+b+c=3+3+14=20.a + b + c = 3 + 3 + 14 = 20.

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