2011 AIME II 第 4 题

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4.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,AB=2011ACAB = \frac{20}{11} AC。角 AA 的角平分线与 BC\overline{BC} 交于点 DD。点 MMAD\overline{AD} 的中点。令 PPAC\overline{AC} 与直线 BMBM 的交点。CPCPPAPA 的比可以表示为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

In triangle ABC,ABC, AB=2011AC.AB = \frac{20}{11} AC. The angle bisector of angle AA intersects BC\overline{BC} at point D,D, and point MM is the midpoint of AD.\overline{AD}. Let PP be the point of the intersection of AC\overline{AC} and line BM.BM. The ratio of CPCP to PAPA can be expressed in the form mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:51
知识点:质点法角平分线定理
难度评级:2270
解答:

根据角平分线定理,BDDC=ABAC=2011\frac{BD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{20}{11}。使用质量点:在 BB 放质量 1111,在 CC 放质量 2020,于是以 BD:DC=20:11BD : DC = 20 : 11 分割 BC\overline{BC} 的点 DD 是它们的平衡点,带有质量 3131。在 AA 放质量 3131,就会使 AADD 的平衡点正好是 AD\overline{AD} 的中点 MM

因此整个系统的质心在直线 BMBM 上,同时也在从 BBAACC 的平衡点的线段上。 这个平衡点正是直线 BMBMAC\overline{AC} 的交点 PP,并满足 31PA=20CP31 \cdot PA = 20 \cdot CP

所以 CPPA=3120\frac{CP}{PA} = \frac{31}{20},已经是最简形式,m+n=31+20=51m + n = 31 + 20 = 51

By the angle bisector theorem, BDDC=ABAC=2011.\frac{BD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{20}{11}. Use mass points: place mass 1111 at BB and mass 2020 at C,C, so that D,D, which divides BC\overline{BC} with BD:DC=20:11,BD : DC = 20 : 11, is their balance point and carries mass 31.31. Placing mass 3131 at AA makes the balance point of AA and DD exactly the midpoint MM of AD.\overline{AD}.

The center of mass of the whole system therefore lies on line BM,BM, and it also lies on the segment from BB to the balance point of AA and C.C. That balance point is precisely where line BMBM crosses AC,\overline{AC}, namely P,P, and it satisfies 31PA=20CP.31 \cdot PA = 20 \cdot CP.

Hence CPPA=3120,\frac{CP}{PA} = \frac{31}{20}, which is in lowest terms, and m+n=31+20=51.m + n = 31 + 20 = 51.

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