2007 AIME I 第 15 题

先试着解答 2007 AIME I 第 15 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2007 AIME I 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

15.

ABCABC 为等边三角形,点 DDFF 分别在边 BCBCABAB 上,且 FA=5FA = 5CD=2CD = 2。点 EE 在边 CACA 上,使得 DEF=60\angle DEF = 60^\circ。三角形 DEFDEF 的面积为 14314\sqrt{3}。边长 ABAB 的两个可能值为 p±qrp \pm q\sqrt{r},其中 ppqq 为有理数,rr 是不被任何质数平方整除的整数。求 rr

Let ABCABC be an equilateral triangle, and let DD and FF be points on sides BCBC and AB,AB, respectively, with FA=5FA = 5 and CD=2.CD = 2. Point EE lies on side CACA such that DEF=60.\angle DEF = 60^\circ. The area of triangle DEFDEF is 143.14\sqrt{3}. The two possible values of the length of side ABAB are p±qr,p \pm q\sqrt{r}, where pp and qq are rational, and rr is an integer not divisible by the square of a prime. Find r.r.

答案:989
知识点:等边三角形相似三角形面积二次方程
难度评级:3370
解答:

s=ABs = ABt=AEt = AE。利用 AABBCC 处的 6060^\circ 角以及面积公式 12xysin60\frac{1}{2}xy\sin 60^\circ: 有 [AEF]=345t[AEF] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 5t[BFD]=34(s5)(s2)[BFD] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(s-5)(s-2), 且 [CDE]=342(st)[CDE] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 2(s-t)。 从 [ABC]=34s2[ABC] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2 中减去这三个面积并化简, [DEF]=34(5(st)+2t10)=143,\begin{aligned} [DEF] &= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\bigl(5(s - t) + 2t - 10\bigr) \\ &= 14\sqrt{3}, \end{aligned} 所以 5(st)+2t=665(s - t) + 2t = 66

EE 处,角 AEF\angle AEFCED\angle CED 之和为 18060=120180^\circ - 60^\circ = 120^\circ, 而在三角形 AEFAEF 中,角 AEF\angle AEFAFE\angle AFE 之和也为 120120^\circ。 因此 AFE=CED\angle AFE = \angle CED, 又因为 A=C=60\angle A = \angle C = 60^\circ, 三角形 AEFAEFCDECDE 相似。于是 AEAF=CDCE\frac{AE}{AF} = \frac{CD}{CE} 给出 t5=2st\frac{t}{5} = \frac{2}{s - t}, 所以 t(st)=10t(s - t) = 10

st=10ts - t = \frac{10}{t} 代入 5(st)+2t=665(s - t) + 2t = 66,得到 50t+2t=66\frac{50}{t} + 2t = 66, 即 t233t+25=0t^2 - 33t + 25 = 0, 所以 t=33±9892t = \frac{33 \pm \sqrt{989}}{2}。由 25t=33t\frac{25}{t} = 33 - t 可得 10t=25(33t)\frac{10}{t} = \frac{2}{5}(33 - t), 因此 s=t+10t=3t+665=231±398910s = t + \frac{10}{t} = \frac{3t + 66}{5} = \frac{231 \pm 3\sqrt{989}}{10}。 两个值都给出有效构型,所以 r=989r = 989

Let s=ABs = AB and t=AE.t = AE. Using the 6060^\circ angles at A,A, B,B, CC and the area formula 12xysin60:\frac{1}{2}xy\sin 60^\circ: [AEF]=345t,[AEF] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 5t, [BFD]=34(s5)(s2),[BFD] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(s-5)(s-2), and [CDE]=342(st).[CDE] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 2(s-t). Subtracting all three from [ABC]=34s2[ABC] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2 and simplifying, [DEF]=34(5(st)+2t10)=143,\begin{aligned} [DEF] &= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\bigl(5(s - t) + 2t - 10\bigr) \\ &= 14\sqrt{3}, \end{aligned} so 5(st)+2t=66.5(s - t) + 2t = 66.

At E,E, the angles AEF\angle AEF and CED\angle CED sum to 18060=120,180^\circ - 60^\circ = 120^\circ, while in triangle AEFAEF the angles AEF\angle AEF and AFE\angle AFE also sum to 120.120^\circ. Hence AFE=CED,\angle AFE = \angle CED, and since A=C=60,\angle A = \angle C = 60^\circ, triangles AEFAEF and CDECDE are similar. Then AEAF=CDCE\frac{AE}{AF} = \frac{CD}{CE} gives t5=2st,\frac{t}{5} = \frac{2}{s - t}, so t(st)=10.t(s - t) = 10.

Substituting st=10ts - t = \frac{10}{t} into 5(st)+2t=665(s - t) + 2t = 66 gives 50t+2t=66,\frac{50}{t} + 2t = 66, or t233t+25=0,t^2 - 33t + 25 = 0, so t=33±9892.t = \frac{33 \pm \sqrt{989}}{2}. From 25t=33t\frac{25}{t} = 33 - t we get 10t=25(33t),\frac{10}{t} = \frac{2}{5}(33 - t), so s=t+10t=3t+665=231±398910.s = t + \frac{10}{t} = \frac{3t + 66}{5} = \frac{231 \pm 3\sqrt{989}}{10}. Both values yield valid configurations, so r=989.r = 989.

← 第 14 题#14
完整试卷

其他年份的第 15 题