2005 AIME II 第 11 题

先试着解答 2005 AIME II 第 11 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2005 AIME II 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

11.

设 mm 是正整数,且 a0a_0、a1a_1、…\ldots、ama_m 是一列实数,满足 a0=37a_0 = 37、a1=72a_1 = 72、am=0a_m = 0,并且对 k=1k = 1、22、…\ldots、m−1m - 1 都有 ak+1=ak−1−3ak。a_{k+1} = a_{k-1} - \frac{3}{a_k}\text{。}求 mm。
Let mm be a positive integer, and let a0,a_0, a1,a_1, …,\ldots, ama_m be a sequence of real numbers such that a0=37,a_0 = 37, a1=72,a_1 = 72, am=0,a_m = 0, and ak+1=ak−1−3aka_{k+1} = a_{k-1} - \frac{3}{a_k} for k=1,k = 1, 2,2, …,\ldots, m−1.m - 1. Find m.m.
答案:889
知识点:递推等差数列代数变形
小提示:
将递推式乘以 aka_k,可看出乘积 akak−1a_k a_{k-1} 每一步减少 33。
Multiply the recurrence by aka_k to see that the products akak−1a_k a_{k-1} drop by 33 at each step
大提示:
a1a0=2664=3⋅888a_1 a_0 = 2664 = 3 \cdot 888,且 am=0a_m = 0 恰好在乘积 amam−1a_m a_{m-1} 达到 00 时发生。
a1a0=2664=3⋅888,a_1 a_0 = 2664 = 3 \cdot 888, and am=0a_m = 0 exactly when the product amam−1a_m a_{m-1} reaches 00
解答:
将递推式乘以 aka_k,得 ak+1ak=akak−1−3a_{k+1} a_k = a_k a_{k-1} - 3,所以乘积 bk=akak−1b_k = a_k a_{k-1} 构成公差为 −3-3 的等差数列。由于 b1=72⋅37=2664=3⋅888b_1 = 72 \cdot 37 = 2664 = 3 \cdot 888,得 bk=2664−3(k−1)=3(889−k)。 \begin{aligned} b_k &= 2664 - 3(k - 1) \\ &= 3(889 - k) \end{aligned}\text{。}
因此当 k≤888k \le 888 时 bk>0b_k \gt 0,所以 a889a_{889} 之前没有任何一项为零(递推式也不会除以零),而 b889=a889a888=0b_{889} = a_{889} a_{888} = 0 且 a888≠0a_{888} \ne 0。因此 a889=0a_{889} = 0,所以 m=889m = 889。
Multiplying the recurrence by aka_k gives ak+1ak=akak−1−3,a_{k+1} a_k = a_k a_{k-1} - 3, so the products bk=akak−1b_k = a_k a_{k-1} form an arithmetic sequence with common difference −3.-3. Since b1=72⋅37=2664=3⋅888,b_1 = 72 \cdot 37 = 2664 = 3 \cdot 888, we get bk=2664−3(k−1)=3(889−k). \begin{aligned} b_k &= 2664 - 3(k - 1) \\ &= 3(889 - k). \end{aligned}
Thus bk>0b_k \gt 0 for k≤888,k \le 888, so no term before a889a_{889} can vanish (and the recurrence never divides by zero), while b889=a889a888=0b_{889} = a_{889} a_{888} = 0 with a888≠0.a_{888} \ne 0. Hence a889=0,a_{889} = 0, and m=889.m = 889.
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