1998 AIME 第 2 题

先试着解答 1998 AIME 第 2 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1998 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

2.

求满足 x2y60x \le 2y \le 60y2x60y \le 2x \le 60 的正整数有序对 (x,y)(x, y) 的个数。

Find the number of ordered pairs (x,y)(x, y) of positive integers that satisfy x2y60x \le 2y \le 60 and y2x60.y \le 2x \le 60.

答案:480
知识点:数对计数不等式补集计数对称性
难度评级:2110
解答:

两个链式不等式展开为四个条件:x2yx \le 2y2y602y \le 60y2xy \le 2x2x602x \le 60。所以 (x,y)(x, y) 位于正方形 1x,y301 \le x, y \le 30 内,并且要排除 x>2yx \gt 2yy>2xy \gt 2x,这两个条件不可能同时发生。

对于满足 y>2xy \gt 2x 的有序对,当 xx111414 时,y=2x+1,,30y = 2x + 1, \ldots, 30 都可行,因此共有 x=114(302x)\sum_{x=1}^{14} (30 - 2x) =420210= 420 - 210 =210= 210 对。由交换 xxyy 的对称性,满足 x>2yx \gt 2y 的有序对也有 210210 对。

所以答案是 3030210210=48030 \cdot 30 - 210 - 210 = 480

The chains unpack into four conditions: x2y,x \le 2y, 2y60,2y \le 60, y2x,y \le 2x, and 2x60.2x \le 60. So (x,y)(x, y) lies in the square 1x,y30,1 \le x, y \le 30, and within it we must avoid x>2yx \gt 2y and y>2x,y \gt 2x, which cannot both happen.

Pairs with y>2x:y \gt 2x: for each xx from 11 to 1414 the values y=2x+1,,30y = 2x + 1, \ldots, 30 work, giving x=114(302x)\sum_{x=1}^{14} (30 - 2x) =420210= 420 - 210 =210= 210 pairs. By the symmetry swapping xx and y,y, there are also 210210 pairs with x>2y.x \gt 2y.

The answer is 3030210210=480.30 \cdot 30 - 210 - 210 = 480.

← 第 1 题#1
完整试卷

其他年份的第 2 题