1997 AIME 第 4 题

先试着解答 1997 AIME 第 4 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1997 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

4.

半径为 555588, 和 mn\frac{m}{n} 的四个圆两两外切,其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

Circles of radii 5,5, 5,5, 8,8, and mn\frac{m}{n} are mutually externally tangent, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:17
知识点:相切圆勾股定理垂直平分线
难度评级:2390
解答:

设两个半径为 55 的圆心为 P1P_1P2P_2,则 P1P2=5+5=10P_1P_2 = 5 + 5 = 10,并设 MM 为中点。半径为 88 的圆的圆心 QQ 满足 QP1=QP2=13QP_1 = QP_2 = 13,所以 QQP1P2\overline{P_1P_2} 的垂直平分线上,且到 MM 的距离为 13252=12\sqrt{13^2 - 5^2} = 12。同理,第四个半径为 rr 的圆的圆心 RR 也在同一条垂直平分线上, 且 RP1=5+rRP_1 = 5 + r,所以 RM=(5+r)225RM = \sqrt{(5+r)^2 - 25} =r2+10r= \sqrt{r^2 + 10r}

小圆嵌在另外三个圆之间,所以 RR 位于 MMQQ 之间;它与半径为 88 的圆外切,故 因此 r2+10r=4r\sqrt{r^2 + 10r} = 4 - r,平方得 r2+10r=168r+r2r^2 + 10r = 16 - 8r + r^2,所以 18r=1618r = 16,即 r=89r = \frac{8}{9}12r2+10r=8+r.12 - \sqrt{r^2 + 10r} = 8 + r.

因此 m+n=8+9=17m + n = 8 + 9 = 17

Let the radius-55 circles have centers P1P_1 and P2,P_2, so P1P2=5+5=10,P_1P_2 = 5 + 5 = 10, and let MM be the midpoint. The radius-88 circle's center QQ satisfies QP1=QP2=13,QP_1 = QP_2 = 13, so QQ lies on the perpendicular bisector of P1P2\overline{P_1P_2} at distance 13252=12\sqrt{13^2 - 5^2} = 12 from M.M. Likewise the fourth circle, of radius r,r, has its center RR on the same perpendicular bisector with RP1=5+r,RP_1 = 5 + r, so RM=(5+r)225RM = \sqrt{(5+r)^2 - 25} =r2+10r.= \sqrt{r^2 + 10r}.

The small circle nestles in the space between the other three, so RR is between MM and Q,Q, and external tangency to the radius-88 circle gives 12r2+10r=8+r.12 - \sqrt{r^2 + 10r} = 8 + r. Then r2+10r=4r,\sqrt{r^2 + 10r} = 4 - r, and squaring yields r2+10r=168r+r2,r^2 + 10r = 16 - 8r + r^2, so 18r=1618r = 16 and r=89.r = \frac{8}{9}.

Thus m+n=8+9=17.m + n = 8 + 9 = 17.

← 第 3 题#3
完整试卷

其他年份的第 4 题