2023 AIME I 第 5 题

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5.

PP 是正方形 ABCDABCD 的外接圆上的一点,且满足 PAPC=56PA \cdot PC = 56PBPD=90PB \cdot PD = 90。求 ABCDABCD 的面积。

Let PP be a point on the circle circumscribing square ABCDABCD that satisfies PAPC=56PA \cdot PC = 56 and PBPD=90.PB \cdot PD = 90. Find the area of ABCD.ABCD.

答案:106
知识点:坐标几何三角恒等式
难度评级:2400
解答:

设圆心为 OO、半径为 RR,并取 A=(R,0)A = (R, 0)B=(0,R)B = (0, R)C=(R,0)C = (-R, 0)D=(0,R)D = (0, -R),以及 P=(Rcosθ,Rsinθ)P = (R\cos\theta, R\sin\theta)。则 PA2=2R2(1cosθ)PA^2 = 2R^2(1 - \cos\theta)PC2=2R2(1+cosθ)PC^2 = 2R^2(1 + \cos\theta),所以 PAPC=2R2sinθ=56PA \cdot PC = 2R^2|\sin\theta| = 56。同理, PBPD=2R2cosθ=90PB \cdot PD = 2R^2|\cos\theta| = 90

两式平方后相加,得 4R4=562+902=112364R^4 = 56^2 + 90^2 = 11236,所以 2R2=11236=1062R^2 = \sqrt{11236} = 106。 正方形的对角线为 2R2R,因此面积为 (2R)22=2R2=106\frac{(2R)^2}{2} = 2R^2 = 106

Let the circle have center OO and radius R,R, with A=(R,0),A = (R, 0), B=(0,R),B = (0, R), C=(R,0),C = (-R, 0), D=(0,R),D = (0, -R), and P=(Rcosθ,Rsinθ).P = (R\cos\theta, R\sin\theta). Then PA2=2R2(1cosθ)PA^2 = 2R^2(1 - \cos\theta) and PC2=2R2(1+cosθ),PC^2 = 2R^2(1 + \cos\theta), so PAPC=2R2sinθ=56.PA \cdot PC = 2R^2|\sin\theta| = 56. In the same way PBPD=2R2cosθ=90.PB \cdot PD = 2R^2|\cos\theta| = 90.

Squaring and adding, 4R4=562+902=11236,4R^4 = 56^2 + 90^2 = 11236, so 2R2=11236=106.2R^2 = \sqrt{11236} = 106. The square has diagonal 2R,2R, hence area (2R)22=2R2=106.\frac{(2R)^2}{2} = 2R^2 = 106.

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