2018 AIME I 第 4 题

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4.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,AB=AC=10AB = AC = 10,且 BC=12BC = 12。点 DD 严格位于 AB\overline{AB}AABB 之间,点 EE 严格位于 AC\overline{AC}AACC 之间,并且 AD=DE=ECAD = DE = EC。则 ADAD 可写成 pq\frac{p}{q} 的形式,其中 ppqq 是互质正整数。求 p+qp + q

In ABC,\triangle ABC, AB=AC=10AB = AC = 10 and BC=12.BC = 12. Point DD lies strictly between AA and BB on AB\overline{AB} and point EE lies strictly between AA and CC on AC\overline{AC} so that AD=DE=EC.AD = DE = EC. Then ADAD can be expressed in the form pq,\frac{p}{q}, where pp and qq are relatively prime positive integers. Find p+q.p + q.

答案:289
知识点:余弦定理等腰三角形
难度评级:2410
解答:

ABC\triangle ABC 中由余弦定理, cosA=102+10212221010=56200=725. \begin{aligned} \cos A &= \frac{10^2 + 10^2 - 12^2}{2 \cdot 10 \cdot 10} \\ &= \frac{56}{200} = \frac{7}{25}. \end{aligned}

x=AD=DE=ECx = AD = DE = EC,则 AE=10xAE = 10 - x。在 ADE\triangle ADE 中用余弦定理: x2=x2+(10x)22x(10x)725, \begin{aligned} &x^2 = x^2 + (10 - x)^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2x(10 - x)\cdot\frac{7}{25}, \end{aligned} 所以 (10x)2=1425x(10x)(10 - x)^2 = \frac{14}{25}\,x(10 - x)。因为 x<10x \lt 10 可除以 10x10 - x,得 10x=14x2510 - x = \frac{14x}{25},于是 250=39x250 = 39xx=25039x = \frac{250}{39}

由于 gcd(250,39)=1\gcd(250, 39) = 1,答案是 250+39=289250 + 39 = 289

By the law of cosines in ABC,\triangle ABC, cosA=102+10212221010=56200=725. \begin{aligned} \cos A &= \frac{10^2 + 10^2 - 12^2}{2 \cdot 10 \cdot 10} \\ &= \frac{56}{200} = \frac{7}{25}. \end{aligned}

Let x=AD=DE=EC,x = AD = DE = EC, so AE=10x.AE = 10 - x. The law of cosines in ADE\triangle ADE gives x2=x2+(10x)22x(10x)725, \begin{aligned} &x^2 = x^2 + (10 - x)^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2x(10 - x)\cdot\frac{7}{25}, \end{aligned} so (10x)2=1425x(10x).(10 - x)^2 = \frac{14}{25}\,x(10 - x). Since x<10,x \lt 10, we may divide by 10x10 - x to get 10x=14x25,10 - x = \frac{14x}{25}, hence 250=39x250 = 39x and x=25039.x = \frac{250}{39}.

As gcd(250,39)=1,\gcd(250, 39) = 1, the answer is 250+39=289.250 + 39 = 289.

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