2015 AIME II 第 5 题

先试着解答 2015 AIME II 第 5 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2015 AIME II 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

5.

从一个由单位正方形组成的 n×nn \times n 方格中,不放回地随机选出两个单位正方形。求最小正整数 nn,使得这两个选出的正方形水平相邻或竖直相邻的概率小于 12015\frac{1}{2015}。
Two unit squares are selected at random without replacement from an n×nn \times n grid of unit squares. Find the least positive integer nn such that the probability that the two selected squares are horizontally or vertically adjacent is less than 12015.\frac{1}{2015}.
答案:90
知识点:基本概率数对计数不等式
小提示:
直接数相邻对:水平相邻有 n(n−1)n(n-1) 对,竖直相邻也有 n(n−1)n(n-1) 对
Count the adjacent pairs directly: n(n−1)n(n-1) horizontal and n(n−1)n(n-1) vertical
大提示:
除以 (n22)\binom{n^2}{2} 后,概率化简为 4n(n+1)\frac{4}{n(n+1)};让它小于 12015\frac{1}{2015}
Dividing by (n22)\binom{n^2}{2} simplifies the probability to 4n(n+1);\frac{4}{n(n+1)}; make that less than 12015\frac{1}{2015}
解答:
nn 行中的每一行有 n−1n - 1 对水平相邻的正方形,共 n(n−1)n(n-1) 对;竖直相邻同样有 n(n−1)n(n-1) 对。在所有 (n22)=n2(n2−1)2\binom{n^2}{2} = \frac{n^2(n^2-1)}{2} 个等可能的正方形对中,相邻的概率为 2n(n−1)⋅2n2(n2−1)=4n(n+1)。\frac{2n(n-1) \cdot 2}{n^2(n^2 - 1)} = \frac{4}{n(n+1)}\text{。}
需要 n(n+1)>4⋅2015=8060n(n+1) \gt 4 \cdot 2015 = 8060。因为 89⋅90=801089 \cdot 90 = 8010,而 90⋅91=819090 \cdot 91 = 8190,满足条件的最小 nn 是 9090。
Each of the nn rows contains n−1n - 1 horizontally adjacent pairs, so there are n(n−1)n(n-1) horizontal pairs and likewise n(n−1)n(n-1) vertical pairs. Out of (n22)=n2(n2−1)2\binom{n^2}{2} = \frac{n^2(n^2-1)}{2} equally likely pairs, the probability of adjacency is 2n(n−1)⋅2n2(n2−1)=4n(n+1).\frac{2n(n-1) \cdot 2}{n^2(n^2 - 1)} = \frac{4}{n(n+1)}.
We need n(n+1)>4⋅2015=8060.n(n+1) \gt 4 \cdot 2015 = 8060. Since 89⋅90=801089 \cdot 90 = 8010 and 90⋅91=8190,90 \cdot 91 = 8190, the least such nn is 90.90.
LIVE by Po-Shen Loh
LIVE项目

LIVE直播课程

Self-Paced录播课程

启明星Star计划

奖学金项目

关于我们

罗博深是谁?

邮件联系

订阅英文简报

加入我们

申请明星导师

For a more Thought Full world.

© 2026 Expii, Inc.