2015 AIME II 第 11 题

先试着解答 2015 AIME II 第 11 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2015 AIME II 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

11.

锐角三角形 △ABC\triangle ABC 的外接圆圆心为 OO。过点 OO 且垂直于 OB‾\overline{OB} 的直线分别与直线 ABAB 和 BCBC 交于 PP 和 QQ,又已知 AB=5AB = 5、BC=4BC = 4、BQ=4.5BQ = 4.5,且 BP=mnBP = \frac{m}{n},其中 mm 和 nn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n。
The circumcircle of acute △ABC\triangle ABC has center O.O. The line passing through point OO perpendicular to OB‾\overline{OB} intersects lines ABAB and BCBC at PP and Q,Q, respectively. Also AB=5,AB = 5, BC=4,BC = 4, BQ=4.5,BQ = 4.5, and BP=mn,BP = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.
答案:23
知识点:外接圆、外心与外接圆半径导角相似
小提示:
在直角三角形 OBQOBQ 中,∠OQB=90∘−∠OBC\angle OQB = 90^\circ - \angle OBC,而等腰三角形 OBCOBC 给出 ∠OBC=90∘−∠A\angle OBC = 90^\circ - \angle A
In right triangle OBQ,OBQ, ∠OQB=90∘−∠OBC,\angle OQB = 90^\circ - \angle OBC, and isosceles triangle OBCOBC gives ∠OBC=90∘−∠A\angle OBC = 90^\circ - \angle A
大提示:
因此 ∠BQP=∠BAC\angle BQP = \angle BAC,从而 △BQP∼△BAC\triangle BQP \sim \triangle BAC,并有 BPBC=BQBA\frac{BP}{BC} = \frac{BQ}{BA}
So ∠BQP=∠BAC,\angle BQP = \angle BAC, making △BQP∼△BAC\triangle BQP \sim \triangle BAC with BPBC=BQBA\frac{BP}{BC} = \frac{BQ}{BA}
解答:
弦 BC‾\overline{BC} 所对的圆心角为 ∠BOC=2∠A\angle BOC = 2\angle A,且 OB=OCOB = OC,所以三角形 OBCOBC 是等腰三角形,∠OBC=90∘−∠A\angle OBC = 90^\circ - \angle A。在三角形 OBQOBQ 中,点 OO 处的角为 90∘90^\circ,因此 ∠BQP=90∘−∠OBQ=90∘−(90∘−∠A)=∠A。 \begin{aligned} &\angle BQP = 90^\circ - \angle OBQ \\ &= 90^\circ - (90^\circ - \angle A) \\ &= \angle A \end{aligned}\text{。}
三角形 BQPBQP 与 BACBAC 共用点 BB 处的角,且 ∠BQP=∠BAC\angle BQP = \angle BAC,所以它们相似,得到 BPBC=BQBA\frac{BP}{BC} = \frac{BQ}{BA}。于是 BP=BQ⋅BCBA=4.5⋅45=185, \begin{aligned} &BP = \frac{BQ \cdot BC}{BA} \\ &= \frac{4.5 \cdot 4}{5} = \frac{18}{5} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 m+n=18+5=23m + n = 18 + 5 = 23。
The central angle over BC‾\overline{BC} is ∠BOC=2∠A,\angle BOC = 2\angle A, and OB=OCOB = OC makes triangle OBCOBC isosceles, so ∠OBC=90∘−∠A.\angle OBC = 90^\circ - \angle A. In triangle OBQOBQ the angle at OO is 90∘,90^\circ, hence ∠BQP=90∘−∠OBQ=90∘−(90∘−∠A)=∠A. \begin{aligned} &\angle BQP = 90^\circ - \angle OBQ \\ &= 90^\circ - (90^\circ - \angle A) \\ &= \angle A. \end{aligned}
Triangles BQPBQP and BACBAC share the angle at BB and have ∠BQP=∠BAC,\angle BQP = \angle BAC, so they are similar, giving BPBC=BQBA.\frac{BP}{BC} = \frac{BQ}{BA}. Therefore BP=BQ⋅BCBA=4.5⋅45=185, \begin{aligned} &BP = \frac{BQ \cdot BC}{BA} \\ &= \frac{4.5 \cdot 4}{5} = \frac{18}{5}, \end{aligned} and m+n=18+5=23.m + n = 18 + 5 = 23.
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