2013 AIME I 第 8 题

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8.

函数 f(x)=arcsin(logm(nx))f(x) = \arcsin(\log_m(nx)) 的定义域是一个长度为 12013\frac{1}{2013} 的闭区间,其中 mmnn 为正整数且 m>1m \gt 1。求最小可能的 m+nm + n 除以 10001000 的余数。

The domain of the function f(x)=arcsin(logm(nx))f(x) = \arcsin(\log_m(nx)) is a closed interval of length 12013,\frac{1}{2013}, where mm and nn are positive integers and m>1.m \gt 1. Find the remainder when the smallest possible sum m+nm + n is divided by 1000.1000.

答案:371
知识点:函数对数整除性
难度评级:2560
解答:

函数有定义当且仅当 1logm(nx)1-1 \le \log_m(nx) \le 1,也就是 1mnxm\frac{1}{m} \le nx \le m,因此定义域为 [1mn,mn]\left[\frac{1}{mn}, \frac{m}{n}\right],长度为 所以 n=2013(m21)mn = \frac{2013(m^2 - 1)}{m}。由于 mmm21m^2 - 1 互质,mm 必须整除 2013=311612013 = 3 \cdot 11 \cdot 61mn1mn=m21mn=12013.\frac{m}{n} - \frac{1}{mn} = \frac{m^2 - 1}{mn} = \frac{1}{2013}.

因为 n2013mn \approx 2013m,所以 m+nm + nmm 增大而增大,故取最小因子 m=3m = 3:此时 n=201383=5368n = \frac{2013 \cdot 8}{3} = 5368,且 m+n=5371m + n = 5371

除以 10001000 的余数为 371371

The function is defined when 1logm(nx)1,-1 \le \log_m(nx) \le 1, that is 1mnxm,\frac{1}{m} \le nx \le m, so the domain is [1mn,mn],\left[\frac{1}{mn}, \frac{m}{n}\right], with length mn1mn=m21mn=12013.\frac{m}{n} - \frac{1}{mn} = \frac{m^2 - 1}{mn} = \frac{1}{2013}. Hence n=2013(m21)m.n = \frac{2013(m^2 - 1)}{m}. Since mm is relatively prime to m21,m^2 - 1, mm must divide 2013=31161.2013 = 3 \cdot 11 \cdot 61.

Because n2013m,n \approx 2013m, the sum m+nm + n grows with m,m, so take the smallest factor m=3:m = 3: then n=201383=5368n = \frac{2013 \cdot 8}{3} = 5368 and m+n=5371.m + n = 5371.

The remainder upon division by 10001000 is 371.371.

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