2008 AIME I 第 15 题

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15.

一张正方形纸片的边长为 100100。从每个角按如下方式剪去一个楔形:在每个角处,该楔形的两条剪线都从距离该角 17\sqrt{17} 的位置开始,并在对角线上以 6060^\circ 的角相交(见下图)。然后沿连接相邻剪线端点的线将纸片向上折起。 当一条剪口的两条边相遇时,将它们粘在一起。所得的是一个纸盘,其侧面与底面不成直角。纸盘的高度,也就是底面所在平面与上边缘形成的平面之间的垂直距离, 可写成 mn\sqrt[n]{m} 的形式,其中 mmnn 为正整数,m<1000m \lt 1000,且 mm 不被任何质数的 nn 次方整除。求 m+nm + n

A square piece of paper has sides of length 100.100. From each corner a wedge is cut in the following manner: at each corner, the two cuts for the wedge each start at distance 17\sqrt{17} from the corner, and they meet on the diagonal at an angle of 6060^\circ (see the figure below). The paper is then folded up along the lines joining the vertices of adjacent cuts. When the two edges of a cut meet, they are taped together. The result is a paper tray whose sides are not at right angles to the base. The height of the tray, that is, the perpendicular distance between the plane of the base and the plane formed by the upper edges, can be written in the form mn,\sqrt[n]{m}, where mm and nn are positive integers, m<1000,m \lt 1000, and mm is not divisible by the nnth power of any prime. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:871
知识点:折纸立体几何正弦定理勾股定理
难度评级:3370
解答:

将角放在原点 OO,两条边沿正坐标轴,记 a=17a = \sqrt{17}。底边上的剪线起点为 P=(a,0)P = (a, 0),两条剪线在对角线 y=xy = x 上的点 RR 相交,且各自与对角线成 3030^\circ 角。在三角形 OPROPR 中,ROP=45\angle ROP = 45^\circORP=30\angle ORP = 30^\circ,所以正弦定理给出 PR=OPsin45sin30=a2PR = \frac{OP\sin 45^\circ}{\sin 30^\circ} = a\sqrt{2}。折线是过 RR 的水平线和竖直线。令 SS 为水平折线上正好位于 PP 上方的点,令 T=(a,a)T = (a, a) 为过 PP 的竖直线与对角线的交点。因为 OPR=105\angle OPR = 105^\circ,线段 PRPR 与底边成 7575^\circ 角,所以 SP=PRsin75=a26+24=a3+12,ST=SPPT=a3+12a=a312. \begin{aligned} SP &= PR\sin 75^\circ \\ &= a\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}}{4} \\ &= a\,\frac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{2}, \\ ST &= SP - PT \\ &= a\,\frac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{2} - a \\ &= a\,\frac{\sqrt{3} - 1}{2}. \end{aligned}

当底部纸条沿过 RR 的水平线向上折起时,点 PPSS 的距离保持为 SPSP,并在过 PP、垂直于该折线的竖直平面内移动。由对称性,两条粘合的剪口边在对角线上方相遇, 因此 PP 落到直接位于 TT 上方的一点 PP',而 PTP'T 就是纸盘高度。 由勾股定理, PT2=PS2ST2=a2(3+12)2a2(312)2=a23. \begin{aligned} P'T^2 &= P'S^2 - ST^2 \\ &= a^2\left(\frac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{2}\right)^2 \\ &\quad {}- a^2\left(\frac{\sqrt{3} - 1}{2}\right)^2 \\ &= a^2\sqrt{3}. \end{aligned}

所以高度为 a31/4a \cdot 3^{1/4} =1734= \sqrt{17} \cdot \sqrt[4]{3} =17234= \sqrt[4]{17^2 \cdot 3} =8674= \sqrt[4]{867},故 m+n=867+4=871m + n = 867 + 4 = 871

Put the corner at the origin OO with the two sides along the positive axes, and write a=17.a = \sqrt{17}. The cut on the bottom edge starts at P=(a,0),P = (a, 0), and the two cuts meet at RR on the diagonal y=x,y = x, each making a 3030^\circ angle with the diagonal. In triangle OPR,OPR, ROP=45\angle ROP = 45^\circ and ORP=30,\angle ORP = 30^\circ, so the Law of Sines gives PR=OPsin45sin30=a2.PR = \frac{OP\sin 45^\circ}{\sin 30^\circ} = a\sqrt{2}. The fold lines are the horizontal and vertical lines through R.R. Let SS be the point of the horizontal fold line directly above P,P, and T=(a,a)T = (a, a) the point where the vertical line through PP meets the diagonal. Since OPR=105,\angle OPR = 105^\circ, segment PRPR makes a 7575^\circ angle with the bottom edge, so SP=PRsin75=a26+24=a3+12,ST=SPPT=a3+12a=a312. \begin{aligned} SP &= PR\sin 75^\circ \\ &= a\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}}{4} \\ &= a\,\frac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{2}, \\ ST &= SP - PT \\ &= a\,\frac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{2} - a \\ &= a\,\frac{\sqrt{3} - 1}{2}. \end{aligned}

When the bottom strip folds up along the horizontal line through R,R, point PP stays at distance SPSP from S,S, moving in the vertical plane through PP perpendicular to that fold line. By symmetry the two taped cut edges meet above the diagonal, so PP lands at a point PP' directly above T,T, and PTP'T is the height of the tray. By the Pythagorean theorem, PT2=PS2ST2=a2(3+12)2a2(312)2=a23. \begin{aligned} P'T^2 &= P'S^2 - ST^2 \\ &= a^2\left(\frac{\sqrt{3} + 1}{2}\right)^2 \\ &\quad {}- a^2\left(\frac{\sqrt{3} - 1}{2}\right)^2 \\ &= a^2\sqrt{3}. \end{aligned}

So the height is a31/4a \cdot 3^{1/4} =1734= \sqrt{17} \cdot \sqrt[4]{3} =17234= \sqrt[4]{17^2 \cdot 3} =8674,= \sqrt[4]{867}, and m+n=867+4=871.m + n = 867 + 4 = 871.

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