2004 AIME I 第 2 题

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2.

集合 A\mathcal{A}mm 个连续整数组成,它们的和为 2m2m, 集合 B\mathcal{B}2m2m 个连续整数组成,它们的和为 mmA\mathcal{A} 中最大元素与 B\mathcal{B} 中最大元素之差的绝对值为 9999。 求 mm

Set A\mathcal{A} consists of mm consecutive integers whose sum is 2m,2m, and set B\mathcal{B} consists of 2m2m consecutive integers whose sum is m.m. The absolute value of the difference between the greatest element of A\mathcal{A} and the greatest element of B\mathcal{B} is 99.99. Find m.m.

答案:201
知识点:等差数列平均数绝对值
难度评级:2110
解答:

A\mathcal{A}mm 个整数的平均值是 2mm=2\frac{2m}{m} = 2,所以它们以 22 为中心。连续整数的平均值是整数时,项数必须为奇数,因此 mm 为奇数,A\mathcal{A} 中最大元素为 2+m122 + \frac{m-1}{2}B\mathcal{B}2m2m 个整数的平均值为 12\frac{1}{2},所以它们是 1m,,0,1,,m1 - m, \ldots, 0, 1, \ldots, m,最大元素为 mm

条件给出 2+m12m=3m2=99, \begin{aligned} \left| 2 + \frac{m-1}{2} - m \right| &= \left| \frac{3 - m}{2} \right| \\ &= 99, \end{aligned} 所以 3m=198|3 - m| = 198, 得 m=201m = 201(因为 m>0m \gt 0)。确实 201201 是奇数,符合要求, 因此 m=201m = 201

The mm integers of A\mathcal{A} have mean 2mm=2,\frac{2m}{m} = 2, so they are centered at 2;2; since the mean of consecutive integers is an integer only when there are an odd number of them, mm is odd and the greatest element of A\mathcal{A} is 2+m12.2 + \frac{m-1}{2}. The 2m2m integers of B\mathcal{B} have mean 12,\frac{1}{2}, so they are 1m,,0,1,,m,1 - m, \ldots, 0, 1, \ldots, m, with greatest element m.m.

The condition is 2+m12m=3m2=99, \begin{aligned} \left| 2 + \frac{m-1}{2} - m \right| &= \left| \frac{3 - m}{2} \right| \\ &= 99, \end{aligned} so 3m=198,|3 - m| = 198, giving m=201m = 201 (since m>0m \gt 0). Indeed 201201 is odd, as required, so m=201.m = 201.

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