2001 AIME I 第 5 题

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5.

一个等边三角形内接于椭圆 x2+4y2=4x^2 + 4y^2 = 4。三角形的一个顶点为 (0,1)(0, 1),且有一条高在 yy-轴上。若每条边的长度为 mn\sqrt{\frac{m}{n}},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数,求 m+nm + n

An equilateral triangle is inscribed in the ellipse whose equation is x2+4y2=4.x^2 + 4y^2 = 4. One vertex of the triangle is (0,1),(0, 1), one altitude is contained in the yy-axis, and the length of each side is mn,\sqrt{\frac{m}{n}}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:937
知识点:椭圆等边三角形坐标几何对称性
难度评级:2510
解答:

因为有一条高在 yy-轴上,另外两个顶点对称,可写为 (x,y)(x, y)(x,y)(-x, y),其中 x>0x \gt 0。从 (0,1)(0,1)(x,y)(x,y) 的边与正 xx-轴成 120120^\circ 角,所以它在直线 y=3x+1y = -\sqrt{3}\,x + 1 上。

代入椭圆方程 x2+4y2=4x^2 + 4y^2 = 4,得 x2+4(13x)2=4x^2 + 4(1 - \sqrt{3}x)^2 = 4,化简为 13x283x=013x^2 - 8\sqrt{3}\,x = 0,因此 x=8313x = \frac{8\sqrt{3}}{13}

边长为 2x=163132x = \frac{16\sqrt{3}}{13},其平方为 768169\frac{768}{169}。由于 gcd(768,169)=1\gcd(768, 169) = 1,答案为 768+169=937768 + 169 = 937

Since one altitude lies along the yy-axis, the other two vertices are symmetric: (x,y)(x, y) and (x,y)(-x, y) with x>0.x \gt 0. The side from (0,1)(0,1) to (x,y)(x,y) makes a 120120^\circ angle with the positive xx-axis, so it lies on the line y=3x+1.y = -\sqrt{3}\,x + 1.

Substituting into x2+4y2=4x^2 + 4y^2 = 4 gives x2+4(13x)2=4,x^2 + 4(1 - \sqrt{3}x)^2 = 4, which simplifies to 13x283x=0,13x^2 - 8\sqrt{3}\,x = 0, so x=8313.x = \frac{8\sqrt{3}}{13}.

The side length is 2x=16313,2x = \frac{16\sqrt{3}}{13}, whose square is 768169.\frac{768}{169}. Since gcd(768,169)=1,\gcd(768, 169) = 1, the answer is 768+169=937.768 + 169 = 937.

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