1998 AIME 第 11 题

先试着解答 1998 AIME 第 11 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1998 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

11.

一个立方体的三条棱为 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC}CD\overline{CD},且 AD\overline{AD} 是一条体对角线。点 PPQQRR 分别在 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC}CD\overline{CD} 上,满足 AP=5AP = 5PB=15PB = 15BQ=15BQ = 15CR=10CR = 10。平面 PQRPQR 与立方体的交截多边形面积是多少?

Three of the edges of a cube are AB,\overline{AB}, BC,\overline{BC}, and CD,\overline{CD}, and AD\overline{AD} is an interior diagonal. Points P,P, Q,Q, and RR are on AB,\overline{AB}, BC,\overline{BC}, and CD,\overline{CD}, respectively, so that AP=5,AP = 5, PB=15,PB = 15, BQ=15,BQ = 15, and CR=10.CR = 10. What is the area of the polygon that is the intersection of plane PQRPQR and the cube?

答案:525
知识点:正方体坐标几何鞋带公式
难度评级:2840
解答:

立方体边长为 2020。取 B=(0,0,0)B = (0,0,0)A=(20,0,0)A = (20,0,0)C=(0,20,0)C = (0,20,0),以及 D=(0,20,20)D = (0,20,20),这样 AD\overline{AD} 是一条体对角线。于是 P=(15,0,0)P = (15, 0, 0)Q=(0,15,0)Q = (0, 15, 0)R=(0,20,10)R = (0, 20, 10),过这三点的平面为 2x+2yz=302x + 2y - z = 30

在立方体各顶点处代入 2x+2yz2x + 2y - z,并检查十二条棱,可知平面还经过棱上的 (5,20,20)(5, 20, 20)(20,5,20)(20, 5, 20),和 (20,0,10)(20, 0, 10),所以截面是按顺序顶点为 (15,0,0)(15,0,0)(0,15,0)(0,15,0)(0,20,10)(0,20,10)(5,20,20)(5,20,20)(20,5,20)(20,5,20)(20,0,10)(20,0,10) 的六边形。它在 xyxy-平面上的投影是六边形 (15,0)(15,0)(0,15)(0,15)(0,20)(0,20)(5,20)(5,20)(20,5)(20,5)(20,0)(20,0),用鞋带公式可得面积为 175175

该平面的单位法向量 13(2,2,1)\frac{1}{3}(2, 2, -1) 的竖直分量绝对值为 13\frac{1}{3},所以投影到 xyxy-平面会把面积乘以 13\frac{1}{3}。因此截面面积为 3175=5253 \cdot 175 = 525

The cube has side 20.20. Take B=(0,0,0),B = (0,0,0), A=(20,0,0),A = (20,0,0), C=(0,20,0),C = (0,20,0), and D=(0,20,20),D = (0,20,20), so AD\overline{AD} is an interior diagonal. Then P=(15,0,0),P = (15, 0, 0), Q=(0,15,0),Q = (0, 15, 0), R=(0,20,10),R = (0, 20, 10), and the plane through them is 2x+2yz=30.2x + 2y - z = 30.

Evaluating 2x+2yz2x + 2y - z at the cube's vertices and checking all twelve edges, the plane also crosses the edges at (5,20,20),(5, 20, 20), (20,5,20),(20, 5, 20), and (20,0,10),(20, 0, 10), so the cross-section is the hexagon with vertices (15,0,0),(15,0,0), (0,15,0),(0,15,0), (0,20,10),(0,20,10), (5,20,20),(5,20,20), (20,5,20),(20,5,20), (20,0,10)(20,0,10) in order. Its projection onto the xyxy-plane is the hexagon (15,0),(15,0), (0,15),(0,15), (0,20),(0,20), (5,20),(5,20), (20,5),(20,5), (20,0),(20,0), whose area by the shoelace formula is 175.175.

The plane's unit normal 13(2,2,1)\frac{1}{3}(2, 2, -1) has vertical component of magnitude 13,\frac{1}{3}, so projecting onto the xyxy-plane multiplies area by 13.\frac{1}{3}. The cross-section therefore has area 3175=525.3 \cdot 175 = 525.

← 第 10 题#10
完整试卷

其他年份的第 11 题