1996 AIME 第 11 题

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11.

设 PP 为方程 z6+z4+z3+z2+1=0z^6+z^4+z^3+z^2+1=0 的所有虚部为正的根之积,并设 P=r(cos⁡θ∘+isin⁡θ∘)P=r(\cos\theta^\circ+i\sin\theta^\circ),其中 r>0r>0,且 0≤θ<3600\leq\theta<360。求 θ\theta。

Let PP be the product of the roots of z6+z4+z3+z2+1=0z^6+z^4+z^3+z^2+1=0 that have positive imaginary part, and suppose that P=r(cos⁡θ∘+isin⁡θ∘),P=r(\cos\theta^\circ+i\sin\theta^\circ), where r>0r>0 and 0≤θ<360.0\leq\theta<360. Find θ.\theta.

答案:276
知识点:复数单位根因式分解
难度评级:2270
小提示:

除以 z3z^3,并令 w=z+z−1w=z+z^{-1}

Divide by z3z^3 and set w=z+z−1w=z+z^{-1}

大提示:

将所得关于 ww 的三次式因式分解,并把每个值识别为 2cos⁡ϕ2\cos\phi

Factor the resulting cubic in ww and identify each value as 2cos⁡ϕ2\cos\phi

解答:

没有根为零。除以 z3z^3,并令 w=z+z−1w=z+z^{-1},得到 w3−2w+1=0,(w−1)(w2+w−1)=0。\begin{aligned}w^3-2w+1&=0,\\{}(w-1)(w^2+w-1)&=0\end{aligned}\text{。}它的三个根为 1=2cos⁡60∘,5−12=2cos⁡72∘,−1+52=2cos⁡144∘。\begin{aligned}1&=2\cos60^\circ,\\\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2}&=2\cos72^\circ,\\-\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}&=2\cos144^\circ\end{aligned}\text{。}对于每个 w=2cos⁡ϕw=2\cos\phi,原方程的对应根为 eiϕe^{i\phi} 和 e−iϕe^{-i\phi}。因此虚部为正的三个根的辐角分别为 60∘60^\circ、72∘72^\circ 和 144∘144^\circ。它们的乘积的辐角为 60+72+144=276∘60+72+144=276^\circ,所以 θ=276\theta=276。

No root is zero. Dividing by z3z^3 and setting w=z+z−1w=z+z^{-1} gives w3−2w+1=0,(w−1)(w2+w−1)=0.\begin{aligned}w^3-2w+1&=0,\\{}(w-1)(w^2+w-1)&=0.\end{aligned} Its three roots are 1=2cos⁡60∘,5−12=2cos⁡72∘,−1+52=2cos⁡144∘.\begin{aligned}1&=2\cos60^\circ,\\\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2}&=2\cos72^\circ,\\-\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}&=2\cos144^\circ.\end{aligned} For each value w=2cos⁡ϕ,w=2\cos\phi, the corresponding roots of the original equation are eiϕe^{i\phi} and e−iϕ.e^{-i\phi}. Thus the roots with positive imaginary part have arguments 60∘,60^\circ, 72∘,72^\circ, and 144∘.144^\circ. Their product has argument 60+72+144=276∘,60+72+144=276^\circ, so θ=276.\theta=276.

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