2024 AIME I 第 8 题

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8.

可以放置八个半径为 3434 的圆,使它们都与 ABC\triangle ABCBC\overline{BC} 相切,并且这些圆依次两两相切,第一个圆与 AB\overline{AB} 相切,最后一个圆与 AC\overline{AC} 相切,如图所示。类似地,也可以按同样方式放置 20242024 个半径为 11 的圆,使它们都与 BC\overline{BC} 相切。ABC\triangle ABC 的内切圆半径可表示为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n

Eight circles of radius 3434 can be placed tangent to BC\overline{BC} of ABC\triangle ABC so that the circles are sequentially tangent to each other, with the first circle being tangent to AB\overline{AB} and the last circle being tangent to AC,\overline{AC}, as shown. Similarly, 20242024 circles of radius 11 can be placed tangent to BC\overline{BC} in the same manner. The inradius of ABC\triangle ABC can be expressed as mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:197
知识点:相切圆内切圆、内心与内切圆半径三角学
难度评级:2560
解答:

对一条由 nn 个半径为 ρ\rho 的圆组成、且都与 BC\overline{BC} 相切的圆链,圆心位于高度 ρ\rho 处,相邻圆心相距 2ρ2\rho。第一个圆与 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC} 相切,所以它的圆心在从 BB 出发的角平分线上,到 BB 的水平距离为 ρcotB2\rho\cot\frac{B}{2};类似地,最后一个圆心到 CC 的距离为 ρcotC2\rho\cot\frac{C}{2}。因此令 k=cotB2+cotC2k = \cot\frac{B}{2} + \cot\frac{C}{2},有 BC=ρk+2ρ(n1).BC = \rho k + 2\rho(n - 1).

两条圆链给出 34k+3414=BC34k + 34 \cdot 14 = BC =k+22023= k + 2 \cdot 2023,所以 33k=357033k = 3570k=119011k = \frac{1190}{11},从而 BC=k+4046=4569611BC = k + 4046 = \frac{45696}{11}

内切圆就是由一个半径为 rr 的圆组成的圆链:BC=rkBC = rk。因此 r=BCk=456961190=1925,r = \frac{BC}{k} = \frac{45696}{1190} = \frac{192}{5}, 所以 m+n=192+5=197m + n = 192 + 5 = 197

For a chain of nn circles of radius ρ\rho tangent to BC,\overline{BC}, the centers lie at height ρ\rho with consecutive centers 2ρ2\rho apart. The first circle is tangent to AB\overline{AB} and BC,\overline{BC}, so its center lies on the bisector from B,B, at horizontal distance ρcotB2\rho\cot\frac{B}{2} from B;B; similarly the last center is ρcotC2\rho\cot\frac{C}{2} from C.C. Hence with k=cotB2+cotC2,k = \cot\frac{B}{2} + \cot\frac{C}{2}, BC=ρk+2ρ(n1).BC = \rho k + 2\rho(n - 1).

The two chains give 34k+3414=BC34k + 34 \cdot 14 = BC =k+22023,= k + 2 \cdot 2023, so 33k=357033k = 3570 and k=119011,k = \frac{1190}{11}, whence BC=k+4046=4569611.BC = k + 4046 = \frac{45696}{11}.

The incircle is a chain of one circle of radius r:r: BC=rk.BC = rk. Therefore r=BCk=456961190=1925,r = \frac{BC}{k} = \frac{45696}{1190} = \frac{192}{5}, and m+n=192+5=197.m + n = 192 + 5 = 197.

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