2022 AIME I 第 8 题

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8.

等边三角形 ABC\triangle ABC 内接于半径为 1818 的圆 ω\omega。圆 ωA\omega_A 与边 AB\overline{AB}AC\overline{AC} 相切,并与 ω\omega 内切。圆 ωB\omega_BωC\omega_C 类似定义。圆 ωA\omega_AωB\omega_BωC\omega_C 两两相交,共有六个交点,每对圆有两个交点。最靠近 ABC\triangle ABC 各顶点的三个交点构成 ABC\triangle ABC 内部的一个较大等边三角形,其余三个交点构成 ABC\triangle ABC 内部的一个较小等边三角形。较小等边三角形的边长可写成 ab\sqrt{a} - \sqrt{b},其中 aabb 是正整数。求 a+ba + b

Equilateral triangle ABC\triangle ABC is inscribed in circle ω\omega with radius 18.18. Circle ωA\omega_A is tangent to sides AB\overline{AB} and AC\overline{AC} and is internally tangent to ω.\omega. Circles ωB\omega_B and ωC\omega_C are defined analogously. Circles ωA,\omega_A, ωB,\omega_B, and ωC\omega_C meet in six points — two points for each pair of circles. The three intersection points closest to the vertices of ABC\triangle ABC are the vertices of a large equilateral triangle in the interior of ABC,\triangle ABC, and the other three intersection points are the vertices of a smaller equilateral triangle in the interior of ABC.\triangle ABC. The side length of the smaller equilateral triangle can be written as ab,\sqrt{a} - \sqrt{b}, where aa and bb are positive integers. Find a+b.a + b.

答案:378
知识点:相切圆等边三角形坐标几何
难度评级:2710
解答:

OOω\omega 的圆心。ωA\omega_A 的圆心在线 AOAO 上(即 A\angle A 的角平分线), 设它到 AA; 的距离为 dd;因为 AB\overline{AB}AOAO, 成 3030^\circ 角,所以半径为 r=dsin30=d2r = d \sin 30^\circ = \frac{d}{2}ω\omega 内切要求该圆心到 OO 的距离为 18r18 - r, 这迫使圆心越过 OOd18=18d2d - 18 = 18 - \frac{d}{2},所以 d=24d = 24r=12r = 12 圆心在 OO 的另一侧 66 个单位处。

OO 放在原点,令 A=(0,18)A = (0, 18)。则三个圆心为 OA=(0,6)O_A = (0, -6) 以及 OB,OC=(±33,3)O_B, O_C = (\pm 3\sqrt{3}, 3) 半径均为 1212ωB\omega_BωC\omega_C 的交点在 yy 轴上:27+(y3)2=14427 + (y - 3)^2 = 144,给出 y=3±117y = 3 \pm \sqrt{117}(0,3+117)(0, 3 + \sqrt{117}) 更接近 AA,属于较大的三角形,所以较小三角形的一个顶点是 (0,3117)(0, 3 - \sqrt{117}),它到 OO 的距离为 1173\sqrt{117} - 3

由对称性,较小三角形是等边三角形,外接圆半径为 1173\sqrt{117} - 3,因此边长为 3(1173)=35127\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{117} - 3\right) = \sqrt{351} - \sqrt{27}。故 a+b=351+27=378a + b = 351 + 27 = 378

Let OO be the center of ω.\omega. The center of ωA\omega_A lies on line AOAO (the bisector of A\angle A) at some distance dd from A;A; since AB\overline{AB} makes a 3030^\circ angle with AO,AO, the radius is r=dsin30=d2.r = d \sin 30^\circ = \frac{d}{2}. Internal tangency to ω\omega requires the center to be 18r18 - r from O,O, which forces the center past O:O: d18=18d2,d - 18 = 18 - \frac{d}{2}, so d=24,d = 24, r=12,r = 12, and the center is 66 beyond O.O.

Place OO at the origin with A=(0,18).A = (0, 18). Then the three centers are OA=(0,6)O_A = (0, -6) and OB,OC=(±33,3),O_B, O_C = (\pm 3\sqrt{3}, 3), all with radius 12.12. The intersections of ωB\omega_B and ωC\omega_C lie on the yy-axis: 27+(y3)2=14427 + (y - 3)^2 = 144 gives y=3±117.y = 3 \pm \sqrt{117}. The point (0,3+117)(0, 3 + \sqrt{117}) is closer to AA and belongs to the larger triangle, so the smaller triangle has vertex (0,3117),(0, 3 - \sqrt{117}), at distance 1173\sqrt{117} - 3 from O.O.

By symmetry the smaller triangle is equilateral with circumradius 1173,\sqrt{117} - 3, so its side is 3(1173)=35127.\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{117} - 3\right) = \sqrt{351} - \sqrt{27}. Thus a+b=351+27=378.a + b = 351 + 27 = 378.

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