2022 AIME I 第 11 题

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11.

ABCDABCD 是一个平行四边形,且 BAD<90\angle BAD \lt 90^\circ。一个圆与边 DA\overline{DA}AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC} 相切,并与对角线 AC\overline{AC} 交于点 PPQQ,其中 AP<AQAP \lt AQ,如图所示。已知 AP=3AP = 3PQ=9PQ = 9QC=16QC = 16。则 ABCDABCD 的面积可表示为 mnm\sqrt{n},其中 mmnn 是正整数,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+nm + n

Let ABCDABCD be a parallelogram with BAD<90.\angle BAD \lt 90^\circ. A circle tangent to sides DA,\overline{DA}, AB,\overline{AB}, and BC\overline{BC} intersects diagonal AC\overline{AC} at points PP and QQ with AP<AQ,AP \lt AQ, as shown. Suppose that AP=3,AP = 3, PQ=9,PQ = 9, and QC=16.QC = 16. Then the area of ABCDABCD can be expressed in the form mn,m\sqrt{n}, where mm and nn are positive integers, and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:150
知识点:圆幂切线余弦定理平行四边形
难度评级:3060
解答:

由点的幂,APAQ=312=36AP \cdot AQ = 3 \cdot 12 = 36,且 CQCP=1625=400CQ \cdot CP = 16 \cdot 25 = 400,所以 从 AACC 引出的切线长分别为 662020AB\overline{AB} 上的切点距 AA66,因此距 BB; 为 AB6AB - 6;从 BB 引出的相等切线使 BC\overline{BC} 上的切点距 BB, 也是这个距离,所以它距 CC 的距离为 BC(AB6)=20BC - (AB - 6) = 20,从而 BC=AB+14BC = AB + 14

BAD=2θ\angle BAD = 2\theta 圆心位于 A\angle A 的角平分线上,且从 AA 引出的切线长为 66,所以半径 ρ=6tanθ\rho = 6\tan\theta 圆与平行线 ADADBCBC 都相切,而这两条线的距离为 ABsin2θAB \sin 2\theta,故 ABsin2θ=2ρ=12tanθAB \sin 2\theta = 2\rho = 12 \tan\theta,化简为 ABcos2θ=6AB \cos^2\theta = 6。在三角形 ABCABC 中, ABC=1802θ\angle ABC = 180^\circ - 2\theta,且 AC=3+9+16=28AC = 3 + 9 + 16 = 28,由余弦定理, 代入 BC=AB+14BC = AB + 14cos2θ=2cos2θ1\cos 2\theta = 2\cos^2\theta - 1AB2AB^2 项抵消;再用 ABcos2θ=6AB\cos^2\theta = 6,方程化为 24AB+336+196=78424\,AB + 336 + 196 = 784,所以 AB=212AB = \frac{21}{2},且 cos2θ=47\cos^2\theta = \frac{4}{7}784=AB2+BC2+2ABBCcos2θ. \begin{aligned} 784 &= AB^2 + BC^2 \\ &\quad {}+ 2 \cdot AB \cdot BC \cos 2\theta. \end{aligned}

因此 sin2θ=23747=437\sin 2\theta = 2\sqrt{\frac{3}{7}}\sqrt{\frac{4}{7}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{7} 面积为 所以 m+n=147+3=150m + n = 147 + 3 = 150ABBCsin2θ=212492437=1473, \begin{aligned} &AB \cdot BC \sin 2\theta \\ &= \frac{21}{2} \cdot \frac{49}{2} \cdot \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{7} \\ &= 147\sqrt{3}, \end{aligned}

By power of a point, APAQ=312=36AP \cdot AQ = 3 \cdot 12 = 36 and CQCP=1625=400,CQ \cdot CP = 16 \cdot 25 = 400, so the tangent lengths from AA and CC are 66 and 20.20. The tangent point on AB\overline{AB} is 66 from A,A, hence AB6AB - 6 from B;B; equal tangents from BB put the tangent point on BC\overline{BC} at that same distance from B,B, so its distance from CC is BC(AB6)=20,BC - (AB - 6) = 20, giving BC=AB+14.BC = AB + 14.

Let BAD=2θ.\angle BAD = 2\theta. The center lies on the bisector of A\angle A with the tangent length from AA equal to 6,6, so the radius is ρ=6tanθ.\rho = 6\tan\theta. The circle is tangent to both parallel lines ADAD and BC,BC, whose distance apart is ABsin2θ,AB \sin 2\theta, so ABsin2θ=2ρ=12tanθ,AB \sin 2\theta = 2\rho = 12 \tan\theta, which simplifies to ABcos2θ=6.AB \cos^2\theta = 6. In triangle ABC,ABC, ABC=1802θ\angle ABC = 180^\circ - 2\theta and AC=3+9+16=28,AC = 3 + 9 + 16 = 28, so the law of cosines gives 784=AB2+BC2+2ABBCcos2θ. \begin{aligned} 784 &= AB^2 + BC^2 \\ &\quad {}+ 2 \cdot AB \cdot BC \cos 2\theta. \end{aligned} Substituting BC=AB+14BC = AB + 14 and cos2θ=2cos2θ1,\cos 2\theta = 2\cos^2\theta - 1, the AB2AB^2 terms cancel and, using ABcos2θ=6,AB\cos^2\theta = 6, the equation collapses to 24AB+336+196=784,24\,AB + 336 + 196 = 784, so AB=212AB = \frac{21}{2} and cos2θ=47.\cos^2\theta = \frac{4}{7}.

Then sin2θ=23747=437,\sin 2\theta = 2\sqrt{\frac{3}{7}}\sqrt{\frac{4}{7}} = \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{7}, and the area is ABBCsin2θ=212492437=1473, \begin{aligned} &AB \cdot BC \sin 2\theta \\ &= \frac{21}{2} \cdot \frac{49}{2} \cdot \frac{4\sqrt{3}}{7} \\ &= 147\sqrt{3}, \end{aligned} so m+n=147+3=150.m + n = 147 + 3 = 150.

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