2020 AIME II 第 10 题

先试着解答 2020 AIME II 第 10 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2020 AIME II 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

10.

求所有正整数 nn 的和,使得 13+23+33++n31^3 + 2^3 + 3^3 + \cdots + n^3 除以 n+5n + 5 时余数为 1717

Find the sum of all positive integers nn such that when 13+23+33++n31^3 + 2^3 + 3^3 + \cdots + n^3 is divided by n+5,n + 5, the remainder is 17.17.

答案:239
知识点:前n项立方和模运算整除性
难度评级:2710
解答:

K=n(n+1)2K = \frac{n(n+1)}{2},则立方和为 K2K^2。模 n+5n + 5 时有 n5n \equiv -5,因此 2K=n(n+1)2K = n(n+1) (5)(4)=20\equiv (-5)(-4) = 20,且 4K24004K^2 \equiv 400。若 K217(modn+5)K^2 \equiv 17 \pmod{n+5},则 n+5n + 5 整除 400417=332=2283400 - 4 \cdot 17 = 332 = 2^2 \cdot 83。余数为 1717 还要求 n+5>17n + 5 \gt 17,所以候选为 n+5{83,166,332}n + 5 \in \{83, 166, 332\},即 n{78,161,327}n \in \{78, 161, 327\}

因为我们乘过 44,每个候选都必须检查。对 n=78n = 78K=308110(mod83)K = 3081 \equiv 10 \pmod{83},且 102=10017(mod83)10^2 = 100 \equiv 17 \pmod{83}。对 n=161n = 161K=1304193(mod166)K = 13041 \equiv 93 \pmod{166},且 932=8649=52166+1793^2 = 8649 = 52 \cdot 166 + 17。对 n=327n = 327K=53628176(mod332)K = 53628 \equiv 176 \pmod{332},且 1762=30976=93332+100176^2 = 30976 = 93 \cdot 332 + 100,余数 10017100 \ne 17,所以此项不符合要求。

有效值为 n=78n = 78n=161n = 161,它们的和为 78+161=23978 + 161 = 239

Let K=n(n+1)2,K = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}, so the sum of cubes is K2.K^2. Modulo n+5n + 5 we have n5,n \equiv -5, hence 2K=n(n+1)2K = n(n+1) (5)(4)=20\equiv (-5)(-4) = 20 and 4K2400.4K^2 \equiv 400. If K217(modn+5),K^2 \equiv 17 \pmod{n+5}, then n+5n + 5 divides 400417=332=2283.400 - 4 \cdot 17 = 332 = 2^2 \cdot 83. Since a remainder of 1717 also forces n+5>17,n + 5 \gt 17, the candidates are n+5{83,166,332},n + 5 \in \{83, 166, 332\}, i.e. n{78,161,327}.n \in \{78, 161, 327\}.

Because we multiplied by 4,4, each candidate must be checked. For n=78:n = 78: K=308110(mod83),K = 3081 \equiv 10 \pmod{83}, and 102=10017(mod83).10^2 = 100 \equiv 17 \pmod{83}. For n=161:n = 161: K=1304193(mod166),K = 13041 \equiv 93 \pmod{166}, and 932=8649=52166+17.93^2 = 8649 = 52 \cdot 166 + 17. For n=327:n = 327: K=53628176(mod332),K = 53628 \equiv 176 \pmod{332}, and 1762=30976=93332+100,176^2 = 30976 = 93 \cdot 332 + 100, remainder 10017,100 \ne 17, so this one fails.

The valid values are n=78n = 78 and n=161,n = 161, with sum 78+161=239.78 + 161 = 239.

← 第 9 题#9
完整试卷

其他年份的第 10 题