2017 AIME I 第 10 题

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10.

z1=18+83iz_1 = 18 + 83iz2=18+39iz_2 = 18 + 39iz3=78+99iz_3 = 78 + 99i,其中 i=1i = \sqrt{-1}。设 zz 是唯一满足以下性质的复数:z3z1z2z1zz2zz3\frac{z_3 - z_1}{z_2 - z_1} \cdot \frac{z - z_2}{z - z_3} 为实数,并且 zz 的虚部尽可能大。求 zz 的实部。

Let z1=18+83i,z_1 = 18 + 83i, z2=18+39i,z_2 = 18 + 39i, and z3=78+99i,z_3 = 78 + 99i, where i=1.i = \sqrt{-1}. Let zz be the unique complex number with the properties that z3z1z2z1zz2zz3\frac{z_3 - z_1}{z_2 - z_1} \cdot \frac{z - z_2}{z - z_3} is a real number and the imaginary part of zz is the greatest possible. Find the real part of z.z.

答案:56
知识点:复数圆周角垂直平分线
难度评级:2920
解答:

z3z1z2z1\frac{z_3 - z_1}{z_2 - z_1} 的幅角是角 z2z1z3\angle z_2 z_1 z_3,而 zz2zz3\frac{z - z_2}{z - z_3} 的幅角是线段 zz2\overline{zz_2}zz3\overline{zz_3} 之间的角。它们的乘积为实数,当且仅当这些角相等或互补;由圆周角定理,这恰好等价于 z1z_1z2z_2z3z_3zz 共圆。因此 zz 位于 z1,z2,z3z_1, z_2, z_3 的外接圆上。

18+39i18 + 39i18+83i18 + 83i 的线段是竖直的,所以它的垂直平分线是水平直线 y=61y = 61。从 z2=18+39iz_2 = 18 + 39iz3=78+99iz_3 = 78 + 99i 的线段斜率为 11,中点为 (48,69)(48, 69),所以它的垂直平分线是 y69=(x48)y - 69 = -(x - 48)。令 y=61y = 61,得到 x=56x = 56,因此圆心为 56+61i56 + 61i

圆上虚部最大的点位于圆心正上方,所以 zz 的实部为 5656

The argument of z3z1z2z1\frac{z_3 - z_1}{z_2 - z_1} is the angle z2z1z3,\angle z_2 z_1 z_3, and the argument of zz2zz3\frac{z - z_2}{z - z_3} is the angle between zz2\overline{zz_2} and zz3.\overline{zz_3}. Their product is real exactly when these angles are equal or supplementary, which by the inscribed angle theorem happens exactly when z1,z_1, z2,z_2, z3,z_3, and zz are concyclic. So zz lies on the circumcircle of z1,z2,z3.z_1, z_2, z_3.

The segment from 18+39i18 + 39i to 18+83i18 + 83i is vertical, so its perpendicular bisector is the horizontal line y=61.y = 61. The segment from z2=18+39iz_2 = 18 + 39i to z3=78+99iz_3 = 78 + 99i has slope 11 and midpoint (48,69),(48, 69), so its perpendicular bisector is y69=(x48).y - 69 = -(x - 48). Setting y=61y = 61 gives x=56,x = 56, so the center is 56+61i.56 + 61i.

The point of the circle with maximal imaginary part is directly above the center, so the real part of zz is 56.56.

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