2010 AIME I 第 11 题

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11.

R\mathcal{R} 是坐标平面中同时满足 8x+y10|8 - x| + y \le 103yx153y - x \ge 15 的点组成的区域。当 R\mathcal{R} 绕直线 3yx=153y - x = 15 旋转时,所得立体的体积为 mπnp\frac{m\pi}{n\sqrt{p}},其中 mmnnpp 是正整数,mmnn 互质,且 pp 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+n+pm + n + p

Let R\mathcal{R} be the region consisting of the set of points in the coordinate plane that satisfy both 8x+y10|8 - x| + y \le 10 and 3yx15.3y - x \ge 15. When R\mathcal{R} is revolved around the line whose equation is 3yx=15,3y - x = 15, the volume of the resulting solid is mπnp,\frac{m\pi}{n\sqrt{p}}, where m,m, n,n, and pp are positive integers, mm and nn are relatively prime, and pp is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:365
知识点:体积圆锥坐标几何
难度评级:2920
解答:

条件 8x+y10|8 - x| + y \le 10 表示当 x8x \le 8yx+2y \le x + 2,当 x8x \ge 8y18xy \le 18 - x。与半平面 3yx153y - x \ge 15 相交后,留下一个三角形,其在直线 3yx=153y - x = 15 上的两个顶点为 A=(92,132)A = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{13}{2}\right)B=(394,334)B = \left(\frac{39}{4}, \frac{33}{4}\right),另一个顶点为 C=(8,10)C = (8, 10)

ABAB 位于旋转轴上,从 CC 向该直线作垂线的垂足 DD,即 (8.7,7.9)(8.7, 7.9),位于 AABB 之间。所以该立体是两个共用底面的圆锥,底面半径为 CDCD,高之和为 ABAB,体积为 13πCD2AB\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot CD^2 \cdot AB。这里 CD=31081510=710,AB=(214)2+(74)2=7104. \begin{aligned} CD &= \frac{|3 \cdot 10 - 8 - 15|}{\sqrt{10}} = \frac{7}{\sqrt{10}}, \\ AB &= \sqrt{\left(\tfrac{21}{4}\right)^2 + \left(\tfrac{7}{4}\right)^2} \\ &= \frac{7\sqrt{10}}{4}. \end{aligned}

体积为 13π49107104=343π1210\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot \frac{49}{10} \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{10}}{4} = \frac{343\pi}{12\sqrt{10}}, 所以 m+n+p=343+12+10m + n + p = 343 + 12 + 10 =365= 365

The condition 8x+y10|8 - x| + y \le 10 means yx+2y \le x + 2 for x8x \le 8 and y18xy \le 18 - x for x8.x \ge 8. Intersecting with the half-plane 3yx153y - x \ge 15 leaves the triangle with vertices A=(92,132)A = \left(\frac{9}{2}, \frac{13}{2}\right) and B=(394,334)B = \left(\frac{39}{4}, \frac{33}{4}\right) on the line 3yx=15,3y - x = 15, and apex C=(8,10).C = (8, 10).

Side ABAB lies on the axis of revolution, and the foot DD of the perpendicular from CC to the line, namely (8.7,7.9),(8.7, 7.9), lies between AA and B.B. So the solid is two cones sharing a base of radius CDCD with heights summing to AB,AB, and its volume is 13πCD2AB.\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot CD^2 \cdot AB. Here CD=31081510=710,AB=(214)2+(74)2=7104. \begin{aligned} CD &= \frac{|3 \cdot 10 - 8 - 15|}{\sqrt{10}} = \frac{7}{\sqrt{10}}, \\ AB &= \sqrt{\left(\tfrac{21}{4}\right)^2 + \left(\tfrac{7}{4}\right)^2} \\ &= \frac{7\sqrt{10}}{4}. \end{aligned}

The volume is 13π49107104=343π1210,\frac{1}{3}\pi \cdot \frac{49}{10} \cdot \frac{7\sqrt{10}}{4} = \frac{343\pi}{12\sqrt{10}}, so m+n+p=343+12+10m + n + p = 343 + 12 + 10 =365.= 365.

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